AP psych-memory

episodic memory

a personal experience; a memory of a specific event. ex: favorite memory

semantic memory

general knowledge of the world, facts, & meanings. ex: states and capitals

procedural memory

Memory of learned skills that does not require conscious recollection. ex. walking, part of brain involved-cerebellum

encoding

process of choosing which info. is to be stored and transforming it into a form that can be saved

storage

means of preserving info.-visual codes, acoustic codes

retrieval

locating stored info. and returning it to conciousness

three box model

info. processing model

sensory memory

use of senses; unlimited capacity, limited storage time; info lost cuz not encoded; p.o.b. invovled-frontal lobe

short term memory

working memory; limited capactiy of about 30 seconds, temporary if not encoded

serial position effect

aka primasy effect; you remember what's first and last the best

chunking

or grouping; chunk by 7; organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically

rote

mechanical based on repitition, ex. alphabet

displacement

chunks disappear from short term memory when new items are added

long term memory

you fail to retrieve it; unlimited capacity; p.o.b. involved-hippocampus

consolidation

long term memory becomes durable

schemas

way of mentally representing the world that can influence the perception of ppl, objects and situations; inner prejudice

eye witness accounts

influenced by our schemas; more accurate if witness is same race; accuracy improves when more than one witness; from someone's perspective

decay theory

info will be lost if not accessed

flashbulb memory

tend to remember events under unusual or emotional circumstances, evolutionary significance identified by Roger Brown & James Kulek

tip of the tongue phenomena

TOT temporary inability to remember

context dependent memory

info is better retrieved in context in which it was encoded

state dependent memory

info is better retrieved if in the emotional state in when you first experienced it

eidetic memory

photographic memory; often has to do with #s

deja vu

cues from the present overlap those from the past; eerie experience of having been there before

recognition

easiest memory of retention encountered memory before; a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test

recall

more difficult to make connections; ex. fill in blank w/o word bank, a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier

relearning

you forget most rapidly right after the material is learned; you learn more rapidly the second time around; as time relapses there's a slower rate of forgetting, ex. math problems

retroactive interference

learning new info interferes with recall of older info

proactive interference

older info. learned learned previously interferes with recall of info learned more recently ex. recently

confabulation

confuse what happens to others with what happened to you

repression

motivated forgetting

Elizabeth Loftus

many recovered memories are false because leading questions are asked

infantile amnesia

the inability to remember events that occurred during one's early years (before age three)

anterograde amnesia

memory loss following a trauma. ex. you only remember the car crash.

retrograde amnesia

memory loss prior to the trauma. ex only remembering before getting in the car.

reminiscence bumps

in older ppl, they remember earlier things in life but won't remember what they had for lunch.

mnemonic devices

systems of remembering ex. PEMDAS

Alzheimer's disease

progressive form of mental deterioration that affects memory, language, and problem sovling.

mood congruent memory

tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current mood

priming

a method used to measure unconscious cognitive processes, such as implicit memory, in which a person is exposed to info. and is later tested to see whether the info. affects behavior or performance on another task or in another situation.

automatic processing

Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned infomation.

selective attention

you pay attention to what's most important