Tax Law
The area of law that governs taxation.
Accounting
A system that monitors an individual, business or other organizations financial standing
Financial Globalization
The worldwide development of economic, financial, trade and communication integration.
Debtor
A person or business that owes money, goods or services to another.
Costing
A process to determine the cost of production or operation of a business by assigning expenses to various stages of production or operations of a firm.
Expenditure
The payment of cash for goods or services to settle an obligation; usually seen as an invoice or receipt.
Perpetual Inventory System
An inventory system that continually keeps track of the number of items in inventory, and can be done manually or by computer.
Financial Information Management
Managing data such as credit card numbers, accounting balances or other monetary facts about an individual, business or other organization that are used when evaluating credit, loans or other financial activities.
Estate Tax
A tax paid on wealth, collected after a person has died.
Savings
The potion of disposable income that is not spend on essential expenses in a household or business.
Financial Position
The status of the assets, liabilities and owners quite of an individual, business or other organization as shown in its financial statements.
Money Market
A network of banks, discount houses, institutional vendors and money dealers who borrow and lend among themselves for the short term (90 days).
External Risk
The possibility of loss, damage or injury outside of a business or other organization.
Consolidation
Combining assets, equity, liabilities and operating accounts of a business and it's subsidiaries into one financial statement OR combining two or mote businesses through the purchase, merger or ownership transfer to create a new business.
Voluntary Compliance
The assumption that taxpayers will stay in compliance with tax laws and accurately report their income amounts and tax deductions fairly and honestly.
Creditor
The entity that provides available capital resources not debtors, in exchange for compensation.
Risk Management
The process of controlling an individual, business or other organizations opportunity for damage, loss or injury to ensure the safety of the community, environment and legal responsibilities.
Inventory System
An inventory system allows a business to maintain the optimum number of each item.
Compliance
Verification that a vendor meets the requirements of accepted practices, regulations, legislation, rules, standards and/or the terms of a contract.
Sales Tax
Charged to customers as a percentage of the price of the item being purchased.
Financial Institutions
Organizations that are public or private whom act as a channel between savers and borrows of funds.
Financial Records
The financial documentation for an individual, business or other organization. (Cash Flow, Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Tax Returns).
Income Tax
Calculated as a percentage of the taxable income workers earn while on the job.
Data
Information in an unorganized form (alphabets, numbers or symbols) that have a relationship with current conditions, ideas or knowledge.
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
At a minimum, this is a database of customer contacts, purchase history and technical support.
Budgeting
The process of determining a time specific financial plan for an individual, business or other organization to achieve a monetary goal.
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
Government agency that is responsible for enforcing securities-related laws and setting standards for financial information about businesses that are traded on a stock exchange.
Internal Risk
The possibility of loss, damage or injury within a business or other organization.
Customer
An individual, business or other organization that received products or services for their own use.
Price
The value, in terms of money, placed on a good or service.
Invest
Any activity where money is put at risk in the short term for the purpose of creating a profit in the long term.
Economies of Scale
An internal or external reduction in long term constant when production or operation increases in size.
Client Services
Any activity provided by a vendor on behalf of a client.
Financial Resources
Funds available to a business or person for spending in the form of cash, credit or securities.
Financial Markets
A market for the sale or purchase of stocks, bonds, bills exchange, commodities, fortunes and options, foreign currency which work as an exchange for capital and credit.
Commodities Exchange
An open and organized marketplace where ownership titles or standard units of commodities are traded by its members.
Capital Market
A market for demand and supply of debt and equity of capital.
Capital Expenditures
The amount spent to acquire or upgrade an asset that will increase the efficiency of the production or operations of a business for the long term.
Gross Revenue
Amount of money that the purchasers of a company's products or services actually pay for those items.
Financial Goal
Monetary objectives of an individual, business or other organization that are decided by future needs of those entities.
Tax
Payment made to the government for services they provide.
Social Security (FICA)
A tax paid by workers so that they may receive benefits upon retirement.
Bank Statement
A document showing activity on your account over the previous months, including a beginning and ending balance and all inflows and outflows during that time.
Credit
A way to receive cash or goods, while paying later.
Periodic Inventory System
An inventory method in which items are counted only occasionally by visual inspection - and can be completed manually, or through technology (barcode scanners).
Database
The systematic organization of information that allows easy updating and analysis of data.
Financial Ratio
Provides a comparison between financial statement items to determine the strength or weakness of a company.
Cost of Goods Sold
Line on an income statement that shows the cost of raw materials and labor to produce a finished product or service that is available to a consumer.
Client
A customer of a professional service provider or the primary contractor.
Transaction
An agreement or contract that occurs between two or more parties and establishes a legal obligation.
Compliance Program
The systematic process of a business or other organization to ensure that regulations imposed by a government agency are being met.
Capital
Money invested in a business to generate income or wealth in the form of an asset.
Inventory Management
The process of buying and storing materials and products while controlling costs.
Exchange Rate
The value of one currency in terms of another, established on the foreign exchange market.
Convergence
The joining of two or more unique factors or phenomena, such as technologies.
Just-In-Time Inventory
An inventory management method that coordinates the demand and supply for goods, delivering them just before they are needed.
Securities
An investment tool (bonds, debentures, notes, options and shares).
Risk Retention
A strategy in which an entity sets aside a sum as a protection against a probable loss, instead of transferring the risk by purchasing an insurance policy.
Data Mining
Reviewing very large amounts of data for useful information.
Business Law
Laws that govern businesses and transactions between businesses.
Finance
The process of managing money for an individual, business or other organization.
Differential Cost
The difference in cost between two or more business decisions.
Securities Information
Information provided regarding an investment instrument issued by a corporation, government or other organization that demonstrates whether it is debt or equity.
Internal Audit
An examination of an organization's financial statements that is conducted by an employee of the organization.
Accounting System
The (often) computerized system of collecting, processing, analyzing and presenting accurate financial data to support management decisions.
Customer Relations
The way a business interacts with its customers in order to obtain new customers while maintaining the current customer base.
Compliance Officer
An employee of a. business or other organization whose task is to ensure that regulations imposed by a government agency are being met as well as internal policies and procedures.
Financial Analysis
Evaluating an organization's financial statements to determine the profitability of the organization, a division within the organization or a specific event/project.
Sunk Cost
A cost that a business has incurred, but cannot recover.
Indirect Costs
Those costs which cannot be directly linked to a good service or project.
Regression
A data-mining technique that takes a numerical dataset and develops a mathematical formula that fits the data.
Sustainability Reporting
Reporting by an entity that outlines its' economic, environmental and social performance.
Insurance Market
Composed of the companies involved in buying and selling of insurance.
Time Value of Money
The increase of an amount of money due to interest earned over time or dividends paid.
Managerial Accounting
Accounting that focuses on revenues and expenses of a business, reporting variances to management.
Equity
Includes earnings that a company has retained and the amount of funds invested in that company by its owners.
Property Tax
The main source of money for many local governments based of the value of property.
External Audit
An examination of an organization's financial statements by an independent accountant, not affiliated with the organization.
Solvency
The ability of an organization to meet its financial obligations.
Risk Transfer
A strategy in which an insurance risk is shifted to another party (the insurer) by means of an insurance policy.
Activity Based Costing
A method used by businesses to accurately allocate overhead costs to specific products.
Cost Allocation
Refers to the method in which indirect costs are assigned to a product.
Direct Cost
Costs which can be directly tied to a good, service or product.
Information Management
The process of collecting and analyzing data that can be used
in the strategic decision making process for a business.
Reporting
Used in finance to disclose an organization's financial standing.
Marginal Analysis
A decision making tool that compares the cost of an activity v. the benefits of the activity.
Professional Development
Process of improving capabilities of staff through access to education and training opportunities in the workplace, outside organizations, or observing others preform the job.
Professional Relationship
Contacts made through business connections and interactions.
Variance Analysis
Refers to the difference between a planned and actual budget.
Corporate Governance
The rules and practices that direct and control an organization.
Six Sigma
One in which 99.99966% of products created are expected to be statistically free from defects.
Board of Directors
A group of individuals elected by stakeholders of an organization to govern the organization.
Transparency
Fully and accurately disclosing of financial information to the public.
Risk Management
Monitoring the opportunity for loss of a business.
Classification
A data-mining technique that uses a decision tree that requires a series of decisions.
Management Functions
Planning, organizing, leading and controlling.
Inflation
Rising in prices and is an indicator of the stability of an economy.
Insurance
A contract between a business and the insurer that covers a specific business risk.
Risk Avoidance
Used when a business anticipates risk and refrains from certain business activities in order to avoid the risk.
Currency
Money.