What are the 3 most fractured bones in the forearm known as the big-three?
Metacarpals, proximal sesamoids, and carpal bones
A purulent infection of hoof cartilages with necrosis is called what?
Quitter
Bone growth above or below the pastern joint involving either the distal end of P1 of the proximal end of P2 is called what?
High ring bone
Ossification of the collateral cartilages usually in the forelimbs is called what?
Sidebones
The inflammation of the subcutaneous olecranon bursa is called what?
Olecranon bursitis (shoe boil)
Chronic distension of the palmar or plantar recess of the fetlock joint with synovial fluid or distension of the flexor tendon sheath at the level of the fetlock is called what?
Windpuffs (wind gals)
An independent bursa located under the tendon of the infraspinatus muscle and subject to inflammation is called what?
Infraspinatus bursa
Flexor tendons and interosseous muscle in the metacarpal region can become thickened and bow caudally. What is this called?
Bowed tendon
What occurs predominantly in the radial and 3rd carpal bone when the carpal bones are driven together hard during the fast gait.
Chip or slab fractures
The distension of the radiocarpal and/or midcarpal capsules between the extensor tendons on the dorsal surface of the carpal joint is called what?
Puffs
A foul smelling bacterial infection in the frog region caused by standing in urine or feces soaked bedding is called what?
Thrush
The inflammation of the dermal laminae that leads to the destruction of the union between the hoof wall and P3 and sometimes the rotation of the coffin bone away from the wall is called what?
Laminitis (founder)
A painful condition most commonly seen in young racehorses following a strenuous exercise and may be associated with subperiosteal hemorrhage and stress microfractures on the dorsal aspect of the large metacarpal bone or canon bone is called what?
Bucked shins (shin splints, dorsal metacarpal disease)
What is a descriptive term for deformaties involving flexor tendons most commonly observed at the coffin joint? This is commonly seen in foals in which the digital flexor muscles are too short resulting in over-flexion of the joints of the digits.
Contracted tendons (flexural deformaties)
Inflammation of the navicular bursa is called what?
Navicular disease
Relief of chronic navicular disease can be achieved by what?
Digital nerve neurectomy close to the palpable cartilages of the hoof
Inflammation and thickening of the capsular fold between metacarpal 3 and P1 due to overextension of the fetlock joint when it sinks towards the ground is called what?
Villinodular synovitis
What are used for diagnosis of lameness and pain management?
Nerve blocks
Where is the digital cushion located?
P3/DDF and frog dermis
The puncture of joints to help diagnosis lameness, inject medicine or collect synovial fluid is called what?
Arthrocentesis
Pus draining at the coronet due to a puncture wound at the white line is called what?
Gravil
Bruises in the angle of the sole is called what?
Corns
What goes through the solar foramina?
Medial/lateral palmar arteries
What is another name for the navicular bone?
Distal sesamoid bone
What is the point of the shoulder?
Cranial part of greater tubercle
What is the point of the elbow?
Olecranon tuber
Where does the straight sesamoidean ligament insert? Oblique? Cruciate?
- Proximal end of P2
- Palmar surface of P1
- Proximal end of P1
What ligament resembles an hour glass or flying squirrel?
Proximal digital annular ligament