___ mm incisal reduction
- Facial = __ mm ___
- Lingual = __ mm __
2 mm
1.2 mm shoulder
0.5 mm chamfer
Need adequate space to allow for __ __
intrinsic coloration
Occlusal contacts in MIP must be ___ mm from metal ceramic junction on metal
1 mm
Axial reductions need to be done in __ __
2 planes
A ___ __ __ is performed to idealize the tooth contours for the final restoration. A __ acts as a prototype to test out the new contours for esthetics and function
diagnostic wax up
provisional
Non-aqueous elastomers: __ __ material, undergoes a ___ reaction
Polyvinyl siloxane
Condensation
PVS: __ __ is a by-product of the condensation setting reaction. Its subsequent __ probably accounts for much of the ___ that takes place in a set silicone rubber impression
Ethyl alcohol
evaporant
contraction
A high-vscosity material, commonly referred to as "putty" was developed to overcome the large ___ __ of the condensation silicone impression materials. These putties are highly filled, so less __ is present; hence, there is less __ __
large polymerization
polymer
polymerization shrinkage
Biological width: the combined width of __ __ and __ __ attachment formed adjacent to a tooth and superior to the __ __
connective tissue
junctional epithelial
crestal bone
Biological width average value?
2 mm
- 1 mm connective tissue, 1 mm junctional epithelium
The biological width can be identified for the individual patient by probing to the __ __ (referred to as '__ __') and subtracting the __ __ from the resulting measurement
bone level (sounding bone) sulcus depth
The biologic width is __ or ___ when a margin is placed within the biologic width (junctional epithelium or connective tissue)
violated or invaded
What happens when biologic width is violated?
irritation, inflammation, bone resorption --> recession
Other factors that may impact the likelihood of recession include?
1. whether the gingiva is thick and fibrotic or thin and fragile
2. Whether the periodontium is highly scalloped or flat in its gingival form.
It has been found that __ __, __ gingiva is more prone to recession than a flat periodontium with __ __ tissue
highly scalloped, thin
thick fibrous
One method of treating the violation of biologic width is through __ __ __. A flap is reflected and bone is removed in a controlled manner with a bur/hand instruments. The biologic width is reestablished after healing.
surgical crown lengthening
Crown lengthening - __ __ is moved apically while the __ __ of the tooth looks the same height
gingival margin
incisal edge
another method of treating the violation of biologic width is through __ __ __
rapid orthodontic extrusion
Ortho extrusion - the __ __ of the extruded tooth is more apical than where it started, however the __ __ is at the same height
incisal edge
gingival margin
Which scenario gives the more favorable crown to root ratio? why?
Orthodontic extrusion
more favorable crown to root ratio
Crown to root ratios:
1. ortho extrusion: 10/8 = ?
2. crown lengthening: 12/8 = ?
1.25 (better)
1.5
There is a correlation between the __ __ and the thickness of the __ __
gingival biotype
alveolar bone
Using a metal perio probe in the sulcus to evaluate __ __ __ is the simplest way to determine __.
If the probe is visible through the gingiva ?
gingival tissue thickness
biotype
= thin biotype
What kind of gingiva is prefered for implant/crowns?
Thick and flat
Papilla:
- bone scallop average?
- soft tissue scallop average?
- 3 mm
- 4.5 mm
Papillary height is established by what 3 structures?
level of bone
biologic width
form of gingival embrasure
The tip of the papilla behaves differently than the free gingival margin on the __ aspect of the tooth; free gingival margin averages __ mm above the underlying facial bone, the top of the papilla averages __-__ mm above the interproximal bone
- this mean
facial
3 mm, 4.5-5 mm
1-1.5 mm
When teeth are removed, the interproximal gingiva will behave like the __ and __ gingival; the teeth no longer support the soft tissue and __ __
facial and lingual
papilla collapses
Tarnow et al study: when the gingival level of interproximal tooth contacts measured 5 mm or less to alveolar bone, the __ of papilla fills space
- when the contact was 6 mm from bone, ___ of papilla fills space
- 7 mm from bone, ___ of papilla fills spac
ALL
56%
37%
A smile with a lot of gums showing (gummy appearance) = __ smile line
That with no gums showing = __ smile line
- high
- low
On average females have a __ smile line than men = more soft tissue
higher
__ __ __ display at rest decreases with age
maxillary incisal edge
On average females have __ __ __ display at rest
greater incisal edge
A maxillary midline deviation of __ mm was necessary before orthodonticts rated it significantly less esthetic than the others. However, general dentists and lay people wre unable to detect even a ___ midline deviation.
All 3 groups were able to distingui
4
4
2