Using new methylene blue to stain Reticulocytes detects the presence of ______ and _______ in these cells?
-RNA and ribosomes
Cell cycle transitions from?
-G1 to S to G2 to M
Which of the following is true about homeostasis?
-Active transport often requires ATP to make the process happen
The process of glycolysis (or the Embden-Meyerhoff pathway) takes place at what cellular location?
-Cytoplasm
Which term is most consistent with a hematopoietic stem cell?
-Multipotential stem cells
Development of megakaryocytes would be most influenced by which cytokine?
-TPO
Which cell type below is most directly linked to an adaptive immune response?
-Lymphocytes
The central dogma of molecular biology is essentially what?
-DNA-->RNA-->Protein
Which the of the following erythroid precursor cells has the most cytoplasm in comparison to the nucleus (lower nucleus to cytoplasm ratio)?
-Orthochromic normoblast
Intravascular destruction takes place primarily in the what?
-In the peripheral blood or blood vessels
Which of the following mutations would be most detrimental in terms of leading to the development of a neoplasm or cancer?
-A mutation that increased the expression of an oncegene
The pathway/shunt involved with maintaining reduced glutathione pools so that proteins cysteine residues remain in a thiol or reduced state (vs a disulfide bond)?
-The hexose monophosphate shunt
The most direct effect of hydrogen ion levels increasing in the tissues is what?
-The affinity between oxygen and hemoglobin decreases
Bilirubin is a direct result of the breakdown of what material?
-Heme
Describe 3 conditions that can shift the oxygen binding curve. Describe what kind of changes occur to the condition shifts the curve to the left or to the right. Why do the shifts make sense?
-1. Increased H+: shifts to the right because Hb releases oxygen more easily
-2. Increased CO2: shifts to the right because it favors the release of oxygen
-3. Decreased temperature: shifts to the left due to the increased ability of Hb to bind to oxygen,
What is the order of development for erythrocytes?
-Pronormoblast, basophilic normoblast, polychromatophilic normoblast, orthochromic normoblast, reticulocytes, and mature erythrocytes
You are a researcher testing the effects of a new compound "Elevoxy:. You test the compound effect on Hb/O2 affinity. Is this a good compound to be taking while hiking in the mountains? Why or why not? What does the shift in the curve mean?
-No, Elevoxy is not a good compound to be taking in the mountains because your going to have a increased oxygen affinity and decreased oxygen release. Meaning it can bind to oxygen, but won't release it. Also will see a increased BPG.
Hyperplasia?
-Increase in the number of cells in a tissue
Multipotential stem cells?
-Limited to specific cell types like WBCs, RBCs, and adipose cells
Totipotential stem cells?
-Can develop into any human cell type including the fetus
Pluripotential stem cells?
-Can develop into any cell type except the fetus
What does CMP break down into?
-MEP and GMP
What does CLP break down into?
-BCP and TNK progenitor
Rapoport-Lubering pathway?
-Production of BPG
Methemoblogin reductase pathway?
-Results from the oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+