Cell Wall
A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and fungi.
Cell Membrane
A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.
Nucleus
A cell structure that contains nucleic acids, the chemical instructions that direct all the cell's activities.
Stores DNA and synthesizes RNA
Nucleolus
A small round structure located inside the nucleus. It contains proteins and RNA.
Mitochondria
Rod shaped cell structures that produce most of the energy needed to carry out the cell's functions.
Transfer energy to ATP
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.
Prepares proteins for export and synthesizes steroids
Ribosome
A small grain-like structure in the cytoplasm of a cell where proteins are made.
Site of protein synthesis
Golgi body
A structure in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell.
Chloroplast
A structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food.
Vacuole
A water-filled sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area.
Lysosome
A small, round cell structure that contains chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones.
Digests molecules, old organelles, and foreign sustances
Nuclear Membrane
A thin layer that surrounds the nucleus and controls movement between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
Cytoplasm
The region between the cell membrane and the nucleus in a cell.
Everything within the cell membrane that is not the nucleus
Cell
Basic unit of life
Golgi Apparatus
processes and packages substances produced by the cell
The maximum size of a cell is limited by
surface area
The cell's nucleus can only control a certain volume of active cytoplasm
The discovery of cells is linked to?
the development of the microscope
Components of the plasma membrane
Lipids
Carbohydrates
proteins
large numer of mitochondria would be find in which type of cells?
Muscle
Correct order of structures of living things
Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
What are the functions of proteins in the plasma membrane
Transport substances across the membrane
They serve as attachment sites for molecules
Colonial organisms are
Unicellular
Which scientist determined that cells come only from other cells?
Virchow
Which of the following helps plants cells remain rigid?
Vacuole
What are the 3 parts of the cell Theory?
All living things are composed of one or more cells
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism
Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells
Difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Eukaryotes contain a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles
Prokaryote- single cell organism, no nucleus, no organelles, flagella, invisible to naked eye, no compartment
What are the major role of the nucleus?
Contains DNA an RNA
Ribosomes are synthesized and partially assembled in the nucleolus
RNA is synthesized in the nucleus and then passes into the cytoplasm
Glucose taken into the cell
plasma membrane
Glucose broken down
Mitochondria
ATP used for cellular activities
Cytoplasm and other organelles
What are the 3 jobs of the cell membrane?
1. Protects the cell
2. Supports the cell and give it shape
3. Controls movement of materials into and out of the cell
What part of the cell is made up of cellulose?
Cell wall
What part of the cell is needed to make food?
chloroplasts
The thin structure that surround a cell is known as
Cell membrane
Control centre of the cell
Nucleus
All the living material inside a cell, except the nucleus, makes up the
cytoplasm
The movement of material from a more crowded area to a less crowded area is called?
diffusion
movement of water through a membrane is called
osmosis
The process by which cells reproduce is called?
cell division
The cell structures that break down food to produce energy is called?
Mitochondria
The cell structures that break down nutrient molecules and old cell parts are known as
Lysosomes
The small network of tubes the makes proteins in the cell is known as
endoplasmic reticulum
The specialized cells that carry information throughout the body are known as
nerve cells
Movement of materials through the membrane without energy use is known as?
passive transport
The nucleus of a cell divides by the process of
mitosis
types of organelles
ribosomes
mitochondria
vacuoles
Smallest unit of matter
a Cell
Variety of internal structures of a cell are called
Organelles
Cytosol
jelly-like mixture in which other organelles are suspended
Cytosol + organelles
Cytoplasm
Three additional structure not found in animal cells
Cell walls
Chloroplasts
A central Vacuole
Function of cell wall
Support
protection
allows H2O, O2, CO2 to pass in and out of cell
Function of cell membrane
Support
protection
control movement of materials in/out of cell
maintains homeostasis
barrier between cell and environment
Function of nucleus
control cell activities
Function of nucleus membrane
Controls movement in/out of nucleus
Function of cytoplasm
Supports/protects cell organelles
Function of endoplasmic reticulum
Carries materials through cell
Function of ribosome
produces proteins
function of mitochondrion
breaks down sugar molecules into energy
function of vacuole
store food, water. wast
function of lysosome
breaks down molecules
digest old cell part
chloroplast function
uses energy from the sun to make food for plant
Membrane-bound structure found in eukaryotic cells
Organelle
Eukaryotic organism has a
Golgi apparatus
Prokaryotic organism does not have
a nucleus
What is the role of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells
generate chemical energy that powers the cell
Two types of cells
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes cells
First cells to evolve
No nucleus
gets info from cytoplasm
Ex: Archaea, Bacteria
Eukaryotes
Evolved from prokaryotes
Have a nucleus
Gets info from nucleus
Ex: Animals, Protist, Fungi, plants