integrity
a value that relates to all business activities, most important element of virtue and refers to being whole, sound, and in an unimpaired condition
deceitful purpose
suggests trickery, misrepresentation, or a strategy designed to lead others to believe something less than the whole truth
honesty
truthfulness or trustworthiness
fairness
the quality of being just, equitable, and impartial
the three fundamental elements that motivate people to be fair
equality, reciprocity, and optimization
equality (in a business sense)
the distribution of benefits and resources
reciprocity
an interchange of giving and receiving in social relationships
optimization
the trade-off between equity and efficiency
ethical issue
a problem or situation or opportunity that requires an individual, group, or organization to choose among several actions that must be evaluated as right or wrong (ethical or unethical)
ethical dilemma
a problem, situation, or opportunity that requires an individual, group, or organization to choose among several actions that have negative outcomes
abusive or intimidating behavior
physical threats, false accusations, being annoying, profanity, insults, yelling, harshness, ignoring somebody, and unreasonableness
commission lying
creating a perception or belief by words that intentionally deceive the receiver of the message
omission lying
intentionally not informing others of any differences problems, safe warnings, or negative issues relating to the rod cut or company that significantly affect awareness, intention, or behavior
conflict of interest
exists when an individual must choose whether to advance his or her own interests, those of the organization, or those of some other group
bribery
the practice of offering something (often money) in order to gain an illicit advantage from someone in authority
active bribery
the person who promises or gives the bribe commits the offense
passive bribery
an offense committed by the official who receives the bribe
facilitation payments
payments made to obtain or retain business or other improper advantages (do not constitute bribery payments in U.S.)
U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA)
an act that state it is illegal for individuals, firms, or third parties doing business in American Markets to "make payments to foreign government officials to assist in obtaining or retaining business" (applies to all firms transacting business with ope
Corporate intelligence
the collection and analysis of information on markets, technologies, customers, and competitors, as well as on socioeconomic, and external political trends
(passive monitoring, tactical field support, and support decimated to top management strategy)
hacking
considered one of the top three methods for obtaining trade secrets (system, remote, and physical)
system hacking
assumes the attacker already has access to a low level, privileged-user account
remote hacking
involves attempting to remotely penetrate a system across the internet. usually begins with no special privileges and trees to obtain higher level or administrative access
physical hacking
requires the CI agent enter a facility personally
social engineering
the tricking of individuals into revealing their passwords or other valuable corporate intelligence, another popular method of obtaining valuable CI
shoulder surfing
when someone looks over an employee's shoulder while he or she types in a password
password guessing
a social engineering technique in which a person can guess a password based on information they know about that person
dumpster diving
sifting through trash to find information for any CI agent
whacking
wireless hacking
phone eavesdropping
when a person with a digital recording device can monitor and record a fax line
discrimination
on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, marital status, sexual orientation, public assistance status, disability, age, national origin, or veteran status and is illegal in the U.S.
equal employment opportunity commission
The equal right of all citizens to the opportunity to obtain employment regardless of their gender, age, race, country of origin, religion, or disabilitie
age discrimination in employment act
specifically outlaws hiring practices that discriminate against people 40 years of age or older, as well as those that require employees to retire before the age of 70
affirmative action programs
involves efforts to recruit, hire, train, and promote qualified individuals from groups that have traditionally been discriminated against on the basis of race, gender, or other characteristics
sexual harassment
any repeated, unwanted, behavior of a sexual nature perpetrated upon one individual by another
hostile work environment
the conduct was unwelcome; the conduct was severe, pervasive, and regarded by the claimant as so hostile or offensive as to alter his or her conditions of employment; and the conduct was such that a reasonable person would find it hostile or offensive
dual relationship
a personal, loving, and/or sexual relationship with someone with whom you share professional responsibilities
unethical dual relationships
those where the relationship could potentially cause a direct or indirect conflict of interest a risk of impairment to professional judgment
steps to avoid sexual misconduct or harassment
1. establish a statement of policy
2. establish a definition of sexual harassment
3. establish a non retaliation policy
4. establish specific procedures for prevention
5. establish, enforce, and encourage victims
6. establish a reporting procedure
7. make
fraud
any purposeful communication that deceives, manipulates, or conceals facts in order to harm others
accounting fraud
usually involves a corporation's financial reports, in which companies provide important information on which investors and others base decisions involving millions of dollars
marketing fraud
the process of dishonestly creating, distributing, promoting, and pricing products
puffery
defined as exaggerated advertising, blustering, and boasting upon which no reasonable buyer would rely and is not actionable under the Lanham Act
implied falsity
the message has a tendency to mislead, confuse, or deceive the public. Advertising claims that use this are those that are literally true but imply another message that is false
literally false
the characterization of an advertising clam as this can be divided into two subcategories; tests prove (establishment claims) and bald assertions (non establishment claims)
tests prove (establishment claims)
when the advertisement cites a study or res that establishes the claim
bald assertions (non-establishment claims)
when the advertisement makes a claim that cannot be substantiated
consumer fraud
occurs when consumers attempt to deceive businesses for their own gain
collusion
a type of consumer fraud in which an employee assists the consumer in the fraud
duplicity
a type of consumer fraud in which a consumer may stage an accident and then seek damages against the store for its lack of attention to safety
guile
a type of consumer fraud that is associated with a person who is crazy or understands right/wrong behavior but uses tricks to obtain an unfair advantage
insider trading
can be illegal or legal
illegal insider trading
the buying or selling of sticks by insiders who possess information that is not yet public
legal insider trading
involves legally buying and selling stick in an insider's own company, but not all the time
intellectual property rights
involve the legal protection of intellectual property such as music, books, and movies
privacy issues
an issue that must be addressed by businesses that includes the monitoring of employees' use of available technology and consumer privacy
the two dimensions of consumer privacy
1. consumer awareness of information collection
2. a growing lack of consumer control over how companies use the personal information they collect