Integrity
One of the most important and off-cited elements of virtue and refers to being whole, sound, and in an unimpaired condition. Relates to product quality, open communication, transparency, and relationships. In an organization, it means uncompromising adher
Honesty
Refers to truthfulness or trustworthiness. To be honest is to tell the truth to the best of your knowledge without hiding anything.
Fairness
The quality of being just, equitable, and impartial. Overlaps concepts of justice, equity, equality, and morality. There are three fundamental elements that motivate people to be fair: equality, reciprocity, and optimization.
Equality
The distribution of benefits and resources.
Reciprocity
Interchange of a giving and receiving in social relationships, and this occurs when an action that has an effect upon another is reciprocated with an action that has an approximately equal effect.
Optimization
The trade-off between equity (equality) and efficiency (maximum productivity)
Ethical Issue
A problem, situation, or opportunity that requires and individual, group, or organization to choose among several actions that must be evaluated as right or wrong, ethical or unethical.
Ethical Dilemma
A problem, situation or opportunity that requires an individual, group, or organization to choose among several actions that have negative outcomes. There is not a right choice, only a less unethical or illegal choice as perceived by any and all stakehold
Abusive or Intimidating Behavior
A common ethical problem in the form of physical, threats, false accusations, being annoying, profanity, insults, yelling, harshness, ignoring someone, and unreasonableness.
Three forms of lying
Joking without malice, lying by commission and lying by omission.
Conflict of Interest
Exists when an individual must choose whether to advance his or her own interests, those of the organization, or those of some other group.
Bribery
The practice of offering something (often money)in order to gain an illicit advantage from someone in authority.
Active Bribery
Meaning the person who promises or gives the bribe commits the offence.
Passive Bribery
An offense committed by the official who receives the bribe.
Facilitation Payments
Made to obtain or retain business or other improper advantages do not constitute bribery payments for U.S. companies in some situations.
Corporate Intelligence
The collection and analysis or information on markets, technologies, customers, and competitors, as well as on socioeconomic and external political trends.
Three types of intelligence models
A Passive Monitoring System for early warning, Tactical Field Support, and Support dedicated to Top-Management Strategy.
Hacking
Considered one of the top methods of obtaining trade secrets
System Hacking
Assumes the attacker already has access to a low-level, privileged-user account.
Remote Hacking
Involves attempting to remotely penetrate a system across the internet.
Physical Hcking
Requires the CI agent enter a facility personally.
Social Engineering
The tricking of individuals into revealing their passwords or other valuable corporate information.
Shoulder Surfing
Someone simply looks oven an employee's shoulder while he or she types in a password.
Password Guessing
If a person can find out personal things about someone, he or she might be able to use that information to guess a password.
Dumpster Diving
Once trash is discarded onto the street or alley, the information is considered fair game.
Whacking
Wireless Hacking
Phone Eavesdropping
A person with a digital recording device can monitor and record a fax line
Discrimination
On the basis of race, color, religion, sex, marital status, sexual orientation, public assistance status, disability, age, national origin, or veteran status is illegal in the United States.
Age Discrimination in Employment Act
Specifically outlaws hiring practices that discriminate against people 40 years of age or older, as well as those that retire employees to require employee to retire before the age of 70.
Affirmative Action Programs
Involve efforts to recruit, hire, train, and promote qualified individuals from groups that have traditionally been discriminated against on the basis of race, gender, or other characteristics.
Sexual Harassment
Repeated, unwanted behavior of a sexual nature perpetrated upon one individual by another.
Hostile Work Environments
Three criteria must be met: the conduct was unwelcome; the conduct was severe, pervasive, and regarded by the claimant as so hostile or offensive as to alter his or her conditions or employment; and the conduct was such that a reasonable person would find
Dual Relationship
A personal, loving, and/or sexual relationship with someone with whom
Unethical Dual Relationship
The relationship could potentially cause a direct or indirect conflict of interest of a risk of impairment to professional judgement.
Fraud
Any purposeful communication that deceives, manipulates, or conceals facts in order to harm others.
Accounting Fraud
Involves a corporation's financial reports, in which companies provide important information on which investors and others base decisions involving millions of dollars.
Marketing Fraud
The process of dishonestly creating, distributing, promoting, and pricing products.
Puffery
Exaggerated advertising, blustering, and boasting upon which no reasonable buyer would rely and is not actionable under the Lanham Act.
Implied Falsity
The message has a tendency to mislead, confuse, or deceive the public.
Test Proves (established claims)
When the advertisement cites a study or test that establishes the claim
Bald Assertions (non-establishment claims)
When the advertisement makes a claim that cannot be substaintiated
Consumer Fraud
Occurs when customers attempt to deceive business for their own gain.
Illegal Insider Training
The buying or selling of stocks by insiders who possess information that is not yet public.
Legal Insider Training
Legally buying and selling stock in an insider's own company, but not all the time.
Intellectual Property Rights
The legal protection of intellectual property such as music, books, and movies.
Privacy Issues
Must be addressed by businesses include the monitoring of employees' use of available technology and consumer privacy.