During the 1990s the institutionalization of business ethics was largely driven by which piece of legislation?
Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations
Social responsibility is
an organization's obligation to maximize its positive effects and minimize its negative effects on stakeholders.
Which of the following was developed in the 1980s to guide corporate support for ethical conduct by establishing a method for discussing best practices?
Defense Industry Initiative on Business Ethics and Conduct
Principles are
Defense Industry Initiative on Business Ethics and Conduct
More than a compliance program, business ethics is becoming
a management issue to achieve competitive advantage.
Which of the following is not one of the benefits of being ethical and socially responsible in business?
A high degree of employee dissent
The study of business ethics is important to better understand all of the following except
that business ethics is entirely an extension of an individual's own personal ethics.
According to the role of ethical culture in performance, all of these are drivers of profit except
opportunity for misconduct.
Which of the following is not something a firm might do to encourage organizational ethics and compliance?
Ignoring potential ethical issues
Ethics is a part of decision making
at all levels of work and management.
The six principles of the Defense Industry Initiative on Business Ethics and Conduct became the foundation for
the Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations.
Which of the following is generally not considered a business ethics issue?
Corporate hierarchy
The _____ was/were enacted to restore confidence in financial reporting and business ethics after the accounting scandals of the early 2000s.
Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Employees' perceptions of their firm as having an ethical climate leads to
enhanced performance.
Business ethics, as a field, has passed through which of the following states?
Theological discussion to recognition of social issues to a field of study
Which of the following statements about the Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations is false?
They use a routine mechanical approach that forces all firms to use the same means to avert serious penalties.
Which of the following is not cited as an example of a global collaborative effort to establish standards of business conduct?
United States Sentencing Commission
The Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations set the tone for organizational ethics compliance programs by
codifying into law incentives for organizations to take action such as developing ethical compliance programs to prevent misconduct.
The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act outlawed
bribery of officials in other countries.
Because of Sarbanes-Oxley, publicly traded companies must develop _____ to assist in maintaining transparency in financial reporting.
codes of ethics
A firm that makes use of a _____ recognizes other stakeholders beyond investors, employees, and suppliers, and explicitly acknowledges the two-way dialog that exists between a firm's internal and external environments.
stakeholder interaction model
Which of the following is not a method typically employed by firms when researching relevant stakeholder groups?
Guessing
The degree to which a firm understands and addresses stakeholder demands can be referred to as
a stakeholder orientation.
A stakeholder orientation can be viewed as a(n)
continuum.
Which of the following is a major ethical concern among corporate boards of directors?
Compensation
Why do critics argue that high compensation for boards of directors is a bad thing?
It could cause conflicts of interest between the directors and the organization.
In corporate governance, _____ is the process of auditing and improving organizational decisions and actions.
control
The specific steps for implementing the stakeholder perspective do not include which of the following?
Identifying and gaining government feedback
Accountability, oversight, and control all fall under the definition and implementation of corporate
governance.
Which of the following is not a benefit that primary stakeholders tend to provide to organizations?
Pro-bono bookkeeping
What is the first step in implementing a stakeholder perspective in an organization?
Assessing the corporate culture
Which of the following are not typically primary stakeholders?
Trade associations
Some economists believe that if companies address economic and legal issues, they are satisfying the demands of society, and that trying to anticipate and meet additional needs would be almost impossible. Which economist's theory are they following most c
Milton Friedman.
Public health and safety and support of local organizations are issues most relevant to which stakeholder group?
Community
What are the four levels of social responsibility?
Legal, economic, ethical, and philanthropic
The originator of the idea of the invisible hand, which is a fundamental concept in free market capitalism, was
Adam Smith.
Stakeholders' power over businesses stems from their
ability to withdraw or withhold resources.
Which of the following are not typically secondary stakeholders?
Customers
Which of the following do not typically engage in transactions with a company and thus are not essential for its survival?
Secondary stakeholders
Minimizing the use of energy and reducing emissions and waste are issues of importance to which stakeholder?
Environmental groups
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
was designed to make the financial services industry more responsible.
More than a compliance program, business ethics is becoming
a management issue to achieve competitive advantage.
Which represented a far-reaching change to organizational control and accounting systems, making securities fraud a criminal offense?
Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
Most organizations with strong ethical climates usually focus on the core value of placing _____ interests first.
customers'
Which of the following is not one of the rights spelled out by John F. Kennedy in his "Consumers' Bill of Rights"?
The right to be ethical
Employees feel less pressure to compromise ethically, observe less misconduct, are more satisfied with their organizations, and feel more valued when
they see honesty, respect, and trust applied in the workplace.
One of the major ethical issues President Obama's administration focused on was
health care and consumer protection.
What is the first step in implementing a stakeholder perspective in an organization?
Assessing the corporate culture
The _____ model is founded in classic economic precepts.
shareholder
The degree to which a firm understands and addresses stakeholder demands can be referred to as
a stakeholder orientation.
Which of the following industries tends to generate a high level of trust from consumers and stakeholders?
Technology
Shareholders provide resources to an organization that are critical to long term success. Which of the following does the book suggest that suppliers offer?
Material resources and/or intangible knowledge
In corporate governance, _____ is the process of auditing and improving organizational decisions and actions.
control
_____ is defined as any purposeful communication that deceives, manipulates, or conceals facts in order to create a false impression.
Fraud
_____ is associated with a hostile workplace where someone considered a target is threatened, harassed, belittled, or verbally abused.
Bullying
_____ involves tricking individuals into revealing their passwords or other valuable corporate information.
Social engineering
The first step toward understanding business ethics is to
develop ethical-issue awareness.
An ethical issue is a problem, situation, or opportunity
An ethical issue is a problem, situation, or opportunity
Accountants must abide by a strict code of ethics that defines their responsibilities to
their clients and the public interest.
Issues related to fairness and honesty may arise because business is sometimes regarded as a
game governed by its own rules rather than those of society.
What type of fraudulent activity could involve a consumer staging an accident to seek damages?
What type of fraudulent activity could involve a consumer staging an accident to seek damages?
Among retail stores, _____ is a larger problem than customer shoplifting.
internal employee theft
_____ is an important element of virtue and means being whole, sound, and in unimpaired condition.
Integrity
The ethical decision-making process begins
when stakeholders trigger ethical issue awareness and individuals openly discuss it with others.
Which of the following is not a consequence of ethical misconduct?
Increased sales
Mr. Smith told his client, Mr. Jabar, who was not an IT expert, that the new software systems were much better than his existing ones. To convince Mr. Jabar, Mr. Smith used a great deal of technical jargon that his client did not really understand. Mr. Sm
noise.
When a commercial states that a product is superior to any other on the market, the marketer risks accusations of
puffery.
Affirmative action programs
involve the recruitment, hiring, promotion, and training of qualified individuals.
The _____ makes it illegal for individuals, firms, or third parties doing business in American markets to "make payments to foreign government officials to assist in obtaining or retaining business.
U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA)
Abusive or intimidating behavior is the most common ethical problem for employees. Which of the following is not related to this concept?
Performance probation
Which of the following acts can be classified as procompetitive legislation?
Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890
Laws and regulations change over time; however, in the United States the thrust of most business legislation can be summed up as
any practice is permitted that does not substantially reduce competition and harm consumers or society.
The primary objective of U.S. antitrust laws is to
distinguish competitive strategies that enhance consumer welfare from those that reduce it.
What is a primary reason why some small businesses resist the opening of large chain retailers like Walmart or Home Depot?
Because the large size creates economies of scale and they can charge lower prices
Part of the reason why credit ratings firms did not catch major problems prior to the global financial meltdown of 2008 was because they were paid by the firms that they rank, which creates
a conflict of interest.
Which of the following acts, passed in response to public outrage over conditions described in Upton Sinclair's The Jungle, was the first consumer protection legislation?
Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
Which of the following groups is not a group that receives special legal protections?
The highly educated
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, sex, religion, or national origin.
The _____ was established after the latest financial crisis, in response to a situation that caused many consumers to lose their homes.
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
Cause related marketing can affect consumer _____, if consumers are sympathetic to the cause and the brand and cause are seen as a good fit.
buying patterns
____ tie(s) an organization's product(s) directly to a social concern through a marketing program.
Cause-related marketing
Which of the forces of the business environment involves the rivalry among businesses for customers and profits?
The competitive dimension
Which of the following is not a provision of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act?
Discourages the creation of ethical and legal compliance programs
Which of the following is not a provision of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act?
Creates an organization to pay the bills of low-income consumers
Companies that _____ will most likely be found in violation of procompetitive legislation.
establish monopolies
The _____ of ethics involves embedding values, norms, and artifacts in organizations, industries, and society.
institutionalization
Which of the following is not a question you need to ask when you suspect that workplace bullying has occurred?
Is your boss treating you well and compensating you adequately?
What type of fraudulent activity involves an employee who assists a consumer in fraud?
Collusion
A company can be sued for discrimination if it
uses age as a hiring or firing criterion.
A court found an oil company guilty of placing profits over the safety and well-being of its employees. This situation can be classified as
an ethical issue.
War metaphors are common in business. This kind of mindset can be dangerous for business leaders because
it may foster the idea that honesty is unnecessary in business.
An activity is probably ethical if it
is approved of by most individuals in the organization and is customary in the industry.
Which of the following has been identified by the Ethics Resource Center as the leading form of observed misconduct in organizations?
Misuse of company resources
A person uncomfortable with his employer's unspoken policy of hiring only white men is experiencing
an ethical issue.
_____ is the offering of something of value in order to gain an illicit advantage.
Bribery
Which of the following statements is most correct?
Affirmative action programs involve efforts to recruit, hire, train, and promote qualified individuals from groups that have traditionally been discriminated against on the basis of race, gender, or other characteristics.
_____ responsibilities relate to a business's contributions to stakeholders.
Voluntary
The _____ regulates tobacco, dietary supplements, vaccines, veterinary drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, products that give off radiation, and biological products.
The Food and Drug Administration
_____ is the synergistic and mutually beneficial use of an organization's core competencies and resources to deal with key stakeholders so as to bring about organizational and societal benefits.
Strategic philanthropy
Anticompetitive strategies that focus on weakening or destroying a competitor have spurred antitrust legislation and include all of the following except
free samples.
Which of the following acts exempted the insurance industry from antitrust legislation?
McCarran-Ferguson Act of 1944
The _____ was called "a sweeping overhaul of the financial regulatory system...on a scale not seen since the reforms that followed the Great Depression.
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
Investigations into the financial rating industry after the financial meltdown of 2008 found all of the following except
most analysts were completely untrained and unprepared to do their jobs.
By prohibiting accounting firms from providing both auditing and consulting services to the same corporate clients without permission, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act is attempting to eliminate
conflicts of interest.
What is a primary reason why some small businesses resist the opening of large chain retailers like Walmart or Home Depot?
Because the large size creates economies of scale and they can charge lower prices
Donation of computer equipment to schools by Toshiba would be associated with _____ responsibilities.
voluntary
The thought experiment used by John Rawls that examined how individuals would formulate principles if they did not know what their future position in society would be is called
Veil of ignorance
_____ is an organizational factor that gives a company specific characteristics. Over time, stakeholders begin to see the company as like a living organism with a mind and will of its own.
Corporate culture
Following the ethical directives of a superior relates to
obedience to authority.
The _____ includes the motivational "carrots and sticks" superiors use to influence employee behavior.
Immediate job context
_____ is the first sign that an unethical decision has occurred.
Guilt
_____ have been found to decrease unethical practices and increase positive work behavior.
Good personal values
____ is the ability to perceive whether a situation or decision has an ethical dimension.
Ethical awareness
Which of the following would not be considered a negative reinforcement of employee behavior?
Ignoring the behavior
Companies take basic _____ and translate them into core _____.
Customs, values
The _____ states that economic and social equalities should be arranged to provide the most benefit to the least-advantaged members of society.
Difference principle
If management fails to identify and educate employees about ethical problem areas, ethical issues may not reach the critical
awareness level.
Which of the following is not considered a significant other group in the workplace?
Spouses
_____ involves subordinates simply following the directives of a superior without question. It demonstrates the influence that significant others can exert in the workplace.
Obedience to authority
Employees that see themselves as going with the flow because that's all they can do have a(n)
external locus of control.
Which of the following is not an issue that helps in business ethics evaluations and decisions?
Personal guilt
All of the following are true with regards to opportunity and ethical decision making except
The opportunity for unethical behavior can be eliminated with aggressive enforcement of codes and rules.
Which of the following is not one of the six "spheres of influence" to which individuals are subject when confronted with an ethical issue?
Educational attainment
External and internal rewards relate to which part of the ethical decision-making framework?
Opportunity
Codes, rules, and compliance are essential in organizations. However, an organization built on _____ is more likely to develop a high integrity corporate culture.
informal relationships
All of the following are true regarding institutions except
There is no clear link between institutional theory and the stakeholder orientation of management.
Through time an act can come to be viewed as unethical under which of the following philosophies and perspectives?
The relativist perspective
When a person defines right and wrong on the basis of legal contracts, he or she is using which of Kohlberg's stages of development?
Prior rights, social contract, or utility (5th stage)
Which moral philosophy focuses on the rights of individuals and on the intentions associated with a particular behavior, rather than its consequences?
Deontology
Eric views animal research in the pharmaceutical industry as a way to improve drugs that will benefit mankind. Which moral philosophy most closely represents his viewpoint?
Utilitarianism
Which is the last of Kohlberg's stages of cognitive moral development?
Universal ethical principles
A marketing manager who orders that a manufacturing plant be refitted to make it safer for workers, no matter what the cost, may be a(n) _____ because he believes in the rights of all individuals.
deontologist
Which moral perspective defines ethical behavior subjectively from the unique experiences of individuals and groups?
The relativist perspective
According to Kohlberg's model, as a person progresses through the stages of moral development, and with time, education, and experience, he/she
may change his/her values and ethical behavior.
___ believe that no one thing is intrinsically good.
Pluralists
____ deals with the issue of what individuals feel they are due based on their rights and performance in the workplace, and therefore is more likely to be based on deontological moral philosophies than on teleological or utilitarian ones.
Justice
_____ are person-specific, whereas _____ are based on decisions made by groups or when carrying out tasks to meet business objectives.
Moral philosophies; business ethics
In Kohlberg's model, the stage of mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity (Stage 3) differs from the stage of individual instrumental purpose and exchange (Stage 2) in terms of the individual's motives in
considering fairness to others.
Enlightened egoism
centers on one's long-term self-interest but takes others' well-being into account.
Which moral philosophy evaluates the morality of an action on the basis of the equity, fairness, and impartiality of the action, with rules serving as guidelines in the decision-making process?
Act deontology
Moral philosophy refers to
the principles or rules that people use to decide what is right and wrong.
Kant's categorical imperative and the Golden Rule are examples of which moral philosophy?
Deontology
The elements of _____ important to business transactions have been defined as trust, self-control, empathy, fairness, and truthfulness.
virtue
Which moral philosophy considers an act to be morally right or acceptable if it produces some desired result?
Teleology
A central problem with relativism is
that it emphasizes people's differences, not similarities.
An individual who defines what is right by considering his/her duty to society, not just to other specific people, is in which of Kohlberg's stages of cognitive moral development?
Social system and conscience maintenance
Management's sense of the organization's culture
may be quite different from employees' perceptions.
An organization that delegates decision-making authority as far down the chain of command as possible and has relatively few formal rules is
decentralized.
Although both structures can create opportunities for unethical conduct, which organizational structure tends to be more ethical?
Centralized
The ability to influence the behavior of others by offering them something desirable is best described as
reward power.
Over the years, scholars have developed more than 100 definitions of culture. According to the text, all have the following common elements:
Culture is shared, relatively stable, and is formed over a long period of time.
When a foreman orders an assembly-line employee to carry out a task, which the employee perceives as unethical yet the employee feels compelled to complete, the foreman is exercising
legitimate power.
Which of the following is not a form of retaliation commonly experienced by whistle-blowers?
Praise by supervisors for their honesty
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act
has institutionalized internal whistle-blowing.
A values-based ethics approach to ethical corporate cultures relies on a(n) _____ that defines the firm as well as how customers and employees should be treated
explicit mission statement
No formal dress codes, working late, participation in extracurricular activities, gestures, and legends represent
informal expressions of an organization's culture.
Associating with others who are unethical and who have the opportunity to act unethically can lead to a learning process known as
differential association.
The apathetic organizational culture exhibits
minimal concern for people and performance.
The exacting organizational culture is interested in
performance but has little concern for employees.
Marcus is the top-performing development director his non-profit organization has ever had. He possesses countless tricks and tips to continue to bring in donations, positive publicity, and supporters. Marcus would likely have _____ over new development d
expert power
Expert power usually stems from
a superior's credibility with his or her subordinates.
Because researchers have defined culture so many different ways, _____ and _____ are often used interchangeably.
cultural values; culture
Ethical concerns in centralized structures can occur because of very little
upward communication.
_____ bring together the functional expertise of employees from several different areas of the organization on a single project.
Teams
The idea that people learn ethical or unethical behavior while interacting with others who are a part of their role-sets is referred to as
differential association.
Which of the following statements about group norms is false?
Group norms never conflict with the overall organization's culture.
Which of the following is not a main goal of successful ethics programs?
Allow employees to solve ethical issues themselves using their best judgment.
Which of the following is the most comprehensive?
Code of ethics
Organizations can become "bad barrels" not because of unethical individuals but because
the pressure to succeed creates opportunities that reward unethical decisions.
Which of the following is a common mistake made in implementing an ethics program?
Developing materials that do not address the needs of the average employee
Which of the following is an advantage of a values-based ethics program over a compliance-based one?
Employees learn to make decisions based on values such as fairness, compassion, respect, and transparency.
The ultimate "stick" associated with the FSGO is fines or probation, which involves on-site observation by consultants, monitoring of the company's ethical compliance efforts, and
reporting to the U.S. Sentencing Commission on the company's progress in avoiding misconduct.
One of the main reasons employees do not report observed misconduct is
fear of retaliation.
Which of the following is not an advantage of having a comprehensive code of conduct?
To help employees fight for satisfactory levels of compensation and benefits.
A strong ethics program includes all of the following elements except
a clause promising good stock market performance.
Which of the following statements about training is false?
It can dictate personal ethics on the job.
All of the following are useful in monitoring ethical conduct and measuring the effectiveness of the ethical program except
firing.
In the long run, a(n) ______ orientation may be better for companies, perhaps because it increases employees' awareness of ethics issues at work.
values
What is not a common mistake when designing and implementing an ethics program?
Having top management take ownership of the ethics program
A(n) _____ orientation creates order by requiring that employees identify with and commit to specific required conduct, whereas a(n) _____ orientation strives to develop shared standards.
compliance; values
Fostering ethical decision making within an organization requires improving the firm's ethical standards and
terminating the "bad apples" in the organization.
At the heart of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations is a
carrot-and-stick philosophy that rewards efforts to improve ethics.
The Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations require federal judges to increase fines for organizations that continually
tolerate misconduct.
For an ethical compliance program to properly function,
consistent enforcement and disciplinary action are essential.
With regard to ethics, training and communication initiatives should reflect
the unique characteristics of an organization.
Which of the following legislation has increased the responsibilities on ethics officers and boards of directors to monitor financial reporting?
Sarbanes-Oxley Act
During which of the following steps of the ethics auditing process does an organization identify the tools or methods for measuring progress in improving employees' ethical decisions and conduct?
Collect and analyze relevant information
Which of the following statements about ethics audits is false?
Social audits and ethics audits perform basically the same function, so organizations can use them interchangeably.
Which of the following is probably the best way for a manager to provide good ethics leadership?
Set a good example
The process of verifying the results of an audit should involve standard procedures that control the _____ of the information.
reliability and validity
During the data-collection phase of the audit, the primary objective is to generate a variety of opinions about how the company is perceived and whether it is
fulfilling stakeholders' expectations.
Which of the following does not have a significant impact on the success of an ethics program?
The size of the company
What are the three Triple Bottom Line factors incorporated into the Global Reporting Initiative framework?
Economic, social, and environmental indicators
Which of the following is a possible unintended consequence of an organization's focusing more on ethics planning than on implementation?
Unethical conduct is viewed as acceptable behavior.
Two useful indicators for assessing employee issues are
staff turnover and employee satisfaction.
Which of the following is a statement that attests that the financial statements made in an audit are fairly stated, without limitations?
Unqualified opinion
Which of the following is not a technique for collecting evidence during the ethics audit?
Publishing the results of the audit
What should be the first step in the auditing process?
Secure the commitment of top executives and directors
A(n) _____ is a tool that companies can employ to identify and measure their ethical commitment to stakeholders.
ethics audit
Which of the following is not a step in the ethics auditing process?
Report the results to the U.S. Sentencing Commission.
At which stage of the ethics auditing process would a hospital conduct focus groups with management, doctors, nurses, related health professionals, support staff, and patients?
Collect and analyze relevant information
A(n) _____ is a financial accounting firm that offers social auditing services or a nonprofit special interest group with auditing experience that verifies the results of ethics auditing data analysis
ethics audit consultant
While social reports often discuss issues related to a firm's performance in the four dimensions of social responsibility, as well as to specific social responsibility and ethical issues, ethics audits have a narrower focus on assessing and reporting on a
ethical and legal conduct.
While ideally the board of directors financial audit committee conducts ethics audits, in most firms they are conducted by
managers or ethics officers.
Because ethics and social audits are _____, there are few standards that a company can apply with regard to reporting frequency, disclosure requirements, and remedial actions that it should take in response to results.
voluntary
Which of the following is not a phase of escalation during an ethical disaster?
The firm's decision to conduct an ethics audit
Increasing the wealth gap between nations and misusing and misallocating scarce resources are ethical issue accusations related to
multinational corporations.
As business facilitates exchanges, consumption beyond basic needs will increase globally. The important issues related to consumerism include all but which of the following?
What are the impacts of poor countries' consumption patterns on wealthy countries?
_____ refers to how members of a society respond to ambiguity. A high score means that a culture tends to minimize risk-taking.
Uncertainty avoidance
Risk compartmentalization occurs when
various profit centers within an organization become unaware of the consequences of their actions on the firm as a whole.
Which of the following is not an article in the UN Human Rights Declaration?
The right to electricity and running water
The practice of charging high prices for products sold in home markets while selling the same products in foreign markets at low prices, which do not cover the costs of exporting, is known as
dumping.
_____ assume(s) that a the market, through its own inherent mechanisms, will keep commerce in equilibrium.
Laissez-faire economics
Which of the following is a measure taken by governments to curtail MNC practices that create ethical issues?
Imposing export taxes to force MNCs to share more of their profits
Who argued during the 1930s that the state could stimulate economic growth and improve stability in the private sector?
John Maynard Keynes
_____ products encourage consumers to return and buy more. This approach is also known as planned obsolescence.
Made-to-break
The benefit of healthcare is being debated as to whether it is a right or privilege. Which of the following countries does not consider health care to be a right?
The United States
What is the purpose of the UN Global Compact?
To promote human rights, sustainability, and eradicate corruption
_____ allows for private ownership of property and features a large government equipped to offer such services as education and health care to its citizens
Social democracy.
_____ occurs when the middle class shrinks, resulting in highly concentrated wealth amongst the rich and a large number of poor people with very few resources.
Bimodal wealth distribution
Which of the following is not a key area of global ethical risk, as outlined by the Eurasia Group?
Unequal levels of child labor laws
Which of the following has the power to enact legally binding ground rules for international commerce and trade policy?
World Trade Organization
Which two developing countries are expected to generate some of the largest increases in consumption in the future?
China and India
The _____ formed in 1995 and administers its own trade agreements, facilitates future trade negotiations, settles trade disputes, and monitors the trade policies of member nations
World Trade Organization
Those who ascribe to consumerism
believe that consumers, not producers, should dictate the economic structure of a society.
These values were developed by a reverend and the UN Secretary General. They express support for universal human rights.
The Global Sullivan Principles
The acronym RADAR stands for
Recognize, Avoid, Detect, Answer, & Recover
_____ leaders are passionate about the company, live out corporate values daily in their behavior in the workplace, and form long-term relationships with employees and other stakeholders.
Authentic
Leaders whose decisions and actions are contrary to the firm's values send a signal
that the firm's values are trivial or irrelevant.
The four categories of communication include all of the following except
Reporting
Ethical leadership should be based on
holistic thinking that embraces the complex issues facing firms every day.
A fundamental problem in traditional personal character development is that specific vales are used to teach about a philosophy, which may be inappropriate where cultural diversity and privacy must be respected. A solution is
to teach individuals intellectual skills that address the complexities of ethical issues in business.
_____ provide(s) important guidelines for employees on how to act in different situations.
Codes of ethics
When a group is more likely to move toward a more extreme position than the group members might have done individually, this is referred to as
Group polarization
The most effective leaders possess the ability to manage themselves and their relationships with others effectively, a skill known as
Emotional intelligence
____ is the ability or authority to guide and direct others toward a goal.
Leadership
Which leadership type values people, their emotions, and their needs and relies on friendship and trust to promote flexibility, innovation, and risk taking?
Affiliative leadership
____ and reporting are two major dimensions of ethical communication.
Transparency
The _____ leader can create a negative climate because of the high standards that he or she sets. This style works best for attaining quick results from highly motivated individuals who value achievement and take initiative.
pacesetting
This occurs when leaders and followers share the same vision, ethical expectations, and objectives for the company.
Leader-follower congruence
_____ are a primary influence on employee's ethical behavior because they are role models for the organization's values.
Leaders
Gossip, manipulation, playing favorites, and taking credit for another's work are all examples commonly associated with
Organizational politics
_____ leaders communicate a sense of mission, stimulate new ways of thinking, and enhance as well as generate new learning experiences.
Transformational
Leaders with a(n) _____ conflict management style desire to meet the needs of stakeholders and strongly adhere to organizational values and principles.
Avoiding
Which of the following types of leaders attempts to create employee satisfaction through bartering or negotiating for desired behaviors or level of performance?
Transactional leaders
All of these are true about feedback except
Most companies recognize the need for organizational leaders to get feedback from their employees.
The Clean Water Act makes it illegal for anyone to discharge any pollutant from a point source directly into navigable waters without a ___________.
permit
Geothermal energy provides _______________ and is a more dependable energy source than some other forms of alternative energy.
a constant source of heat
Many businesses responded to sustainability by adopting a triple-bottom line approach; taking into consideration social and environmental performance variables in addition to _______________.
economic performance
All of these are ways of reducing pollution, except:
Greenwashing
Which industry invests the most in alternative clean energy sources?
The automobile industry
The world's forests are being destroyed at a rate of nearly 50,000 square miles annually. The reasons for this wide-scale destruction are varied and include all except:
The soil is great for farming
The Clean Air Act:
Established national air quality standards
__________ is one of the country's greatest sustainability success stories.
Recycling
Wind power holds great promise for the United States because of the _____________, and experts believe wind energy could meet as much as 20 percent of the nation's energy needs.
Rocky Mountains
One of the biggest factors in land pollution is the dumping of waste into landfills. _______ consumers are by far the world's biggest wasters.
American
A ___________ business attempts to avoid dealing with environmental issues and hopes nothing bad happens or no one ever finds out about an environmental accident or abuse.
low-commitment
_____ can cause markedly shorter life spans, along with chronic respiratory problems in humans and animals.
Air pollution
The first Earth Day, increasing stakeholder awareness of environmental concerns and the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency brought ________ to the forefront.
sustainability
in the United States, ____________ provides only 7% of total output but provides 19% of total electricity production worldwide, making it the largest form of renewable energy.
hydroelectric power
Perhaps the most controversial form of alternative energy after nuclear power is ___________.
ethanol
Critics of nuclear power are concerned about all of the following, except:
Reduced emissions
Because genetically modified seeds are _______, farmers cannot keep any of the seed themselves but must purchase seeds each year from companies such as Monsanto.
patented
All of these are examples of social responsibility concerns, except:
Product price
Which option includes the assessment and improvement of business strategies, economic ectors, work practices, technologies, and lifestyles while maintaining the natural environment?
Sustainability
The protection of air, water, land, biodiversity, and _____ emerged as a major issue in the twentieth century.
renewable natural resources