Which of the following is the first step in the ethical decision making process?
a. Being socialized into the firm's corporate culture
b. Applying a personal moral philosophy in order to individualize the ethical decision making process
c. Recognizing tha
c. Recognizing that an issue requires an individual or work group to make a choice that ultimately will be judged by stakeholders as right or wrong
Which of the following is not one of the six "spheres of influence" to which individuals are subject when confronted with an ethical issue?
a. Educational attainment
b. Workplace
c. Family
d. Legal system
e. Community
a. Educational attainment
The perceived relevance or importance of an ethical issue to the individual, work group, or organization is
a. organizational culture.
b. immediate job context.
c. ethical issue intensity.
d. leadership.
e. locus of control.
c. ethical issue intensity.
Studies have found that more than a third of the unethical situations that lower and middle-level managers face come from _____.
a. stakeholder expectations and pressures. b. pressures to satisfy customers.
c. pressures from the government to perform at a
d. internal pressures and ambiguity surrounding internal organizational rules.
According to the ethical decision-making framework, the absence of punishment provides a(n)______ for unethical
behavior.
a. reason
b. significant other
c. individual factor
d. opportunity
e. ethical issue intensity
d. opportunity
_______have been found to decrease unethical practices and increase positive work behavior.
a. High educational attainment levels
b. High levels of community involvement
c. Charismatic leaders
d. Strong religious beliefs
e. Good personal values
e. Good personal values
_________ involves subordinates simply following the directives of a superior without question. It demonstrates the influence that significant others can exert in the workplace.
a. Obedience to authority
b. Locus of control
c. Opportunity
d. Transactional
a. Obedience to authority
Multiple elements work on individuals to affect their behavior. While an individual may intend to do the right thing,
________can alter this intent.
a. cognitive dissonance
b. familial expectations
c. religious beliefs
d. the desire for financial gain
e.
e. organizational or social forces
If management fails to identify and educate employees about ethical problem areas, ethical issues may not reach the critical
a. awareness level.
b. aptitude level.
c. ethical level.
d. organizational level.
e. individual level.
a. awareness level.
The ______can be defined as a set of values, norms, and artifacts, including ways of solving problems shared by members of an organization.
a. corporate culture
b. intentions of a corporate
c. ethical issue awareness
d. determination of a corporation
e. i
a. corporate culture
Which of the following would not be considered a negative reinforcement of employee behavior?
a. Demotions
b. Firings
c. Ignoring the behavior
d. Reprimands
e. Pay penalties
c. Ignoring the behavior
Codes, rules, and compliance are essential in organizations. However, an organization built on_______ is more likely to develop a high integrity corporate culture.
a. a charismatic leader
b. the preferences of the CEO
c. the grapevine
d. formal relationsh
e. informal relationships
Following the ethical directives of a superior relates to
a. an internal locus of control.
b. obedience to authority.
c. moral intensity.
d. gender.
e. ethical issue intensity.
b. obedience to authority.
Which of the following is not considered a significant other group in the workplace?
a. Peers
b. Managers
c. Spouses
d. Coworkers
e. Subordinates
c. Spouses
Studies have shown that _______ within the organization have more impact on a worker's decisions on a daily basis than any other factor.
a. significant others
b. religion
c. education
d. chief executive officers
e. ethical issues
a. significant others
External and internal rewards relate to which part of the ethical decision-making framework?
a. Individual factors
b. Significant others
c. Cognitive moral development
d. Obedience to authority
e. Opportunity
e. Opportunity
Which of the following is not an issue that helps in business ethics evaluations and decisions?
a. Ethical issue intensity
b. Individual factors
c. Organizational factors
d. Personal guilt
e. Opportunity
d. Personal guilt
_______ is the first sign that an unethical decision has occurred.
a. Guilt
b. Reward
c. Punishment
d. Cognitive dissonance
e. Happiness
a. Guilt
People who believe in________, go with the flow because they feel the events in their lives are uncontrollable.
a. ethical decision making
b. internal locus of control
c. an ethical culture
d. external locus of control
e. significant others.
d. external locus of control
Which of the following is not an individual factor that affects business ethics?
a. Nationality
b. Age
c. Religion
d. Significant others
e. Education
d. Significant others
___________is an organizational factor that gives a company specific characteristics. Over time, stakeholders begin to see the company as like a living organism with a mind and will of its own.
a. Oversight
b. Significant others
c. Corporate culture
d. Th
c. Corporate culture
22. An ethical corporate culture needs __________ along with _________
to establish an ethics program and monitor the complex ethical decisions being made by employees .
a. individual ethics; ethical issue intensity
b. ethical issue intensity; ethics trai
e. shared values; proper oversight
Those who have influence in a work group are referred to as significant others and include
a. peers, managers, coworkers, and subordinates.
b. family members, peers, and coworkers. c. spouses and friends.
d. employees in similar job situations.
e. employe
a. peers, managers, coworkers, and subordinates.
Research concerning nationality and the ability to make ethical decisions
a. shows no relationship between the two.
b. is hard to interpret in a business context because of cultural differences.
c. suggests that organizations should be very concerned abou
b. is hard to interpret in a business context because of cultural differences.
The relationship between business ethics and age
a. shows a negative correlation.
b. is simple. Greater experience leads to better ethical decision making.
c. is complex, although experience helps older employees make ethical decisions.
d. suggests that e
suggests that employees with less experience have a greater ability to deal with complex industry-specific ethical issues.
Employees that see themselves as going with the flow because that's all they can do have a(n)
a. external locus of control.
b. moral intensity
c. obedience to authority
d. opportunity
e. internal locus of control.
a. external locus of control.
For people who begin the value shift that leads to unethical decisions, which of the following is not a usual justification to reduce and eliminate guilt?
a. I need a paycheck and can't afford to quit right now. b. Those around me are doing it so why shou
e. This is in keeping with my personal morals and the code of conduct, so it is okay.
______ is the ability to perceive whether a situation or decision has an ethical dimension.
a. Ethical issue intensity
b. Locus of control
c. Ethical awareness
d. Moral intensity
e. Opportunity
c. Ethical awareness
______ relates to individuals' perceptions of social pressure and the harm they believe their decisions will have on others
a. Ethical awareness
b. Moral intensity
c. Individual factors
d. Ethical issue intensity
e. Social awareness
b. Moral intensity
The ethical decision making process in business includes all of the following except
a. Individual factors
b. Opportunity
c. Ethical issue intensity
d. Making ethical decisions
e. Organizational factors
d. Making ethical decisions
________culture involves values and norms that prescribe a wide range of behavior for organizational members, while ________ culture reflects the integrity of decisions made and is a function of many factors, including corporate policies,
top management's
c. Corporate, ethical
All of the following are true with regards to organizational factors except
a. Employees approach ethical issues on the basis of what they learned from others in the organization.
b. An alignment between a person's own values and the values of the organiz
a. Employees approach ethical issues on the basis of what they learned from others in the organization.
The ______-includes the motivational "carrots and sticks" superiors use to influence employee behavior.
a. Obedience to authority
b. Immediate job context
c. Locus of control
d. Normative approach
e. Descriptive approach
b. Immediate job context
All of the following are true with regards to opportunity and ethical decision making except
a. Despite the existence of rules, misconduct can still occur without proper oversight.
b. The opportunities that employees have for unethical behavior in an orga
d. The opportunity for unethical behavior can be eliminated with aggressive enforcement of codes and rules.
When we discuss _______approaches, we are talking about how organizational decision makers should approach an issue
a. Normative
b. Individual
c. Descriptive
d. Organizational
e. Values-based
a. Normative
By incorporating __________objectives into corporate core values, companies begin to view ____________ as significant.
a. shareholder, stakeholders
b. stakeholder, shareholders
c. CEO, CEOs
d. customer, customers
e. stakeholder, stakeholders
a. shareholder, stakeholders
Normative business ethics takes into account the___________realities outside the legal realm in the form of industry standards.
a. Descriptive
b. Political
c. Social
d. Economic
e. Normative
b. Political
__________ institutions include religion, education, and individuals such as the family unit.
a. Social
b. Conservative
c. Economic
d. Liberal
e. Political
a. Social
All of the following are true regarding institutions except
a. Stakeholders closely align with institutions.
b. The regulatory system aligns with political institutions.
c. There is no clear link between institutional theory and the stakeholder orientatio
c. There is no clear link between institutional theory and the stakeholder orientation of management.
High levels of ______create a higher probability that firms cut corners because margins are usually low.
a. Profit
b. Return
c. Cooperation
d. Competition
e. Loss
d. Competition
The thought experiment used by John Rawls that examined how individuals would formulate principles if they did not know what their future position in society would be is called
a. Equality principle
b. Utilitarian veil
c. Liberty principle
d. Universal pr
a. Equality principle