Moral philosophy refers to
a. a subject that most business people do not consider very important.
b. the morality of business activities.
c. the principles or rules that people use to decide what is right and wrong.
d. the legality of business activities.
c. the principles or rules that people use to decide what is right and wrong.
Which moral philosophy evaluates the morality of an action on the basis of its consequences for everyone affected
(seeks the greatest good for the greatest number)?
a. Act deontology
b. Rule deontology
c. Egoism
d. Utilitarianism
e. Hedonism
d. Utilitarianism
Which moral philosophy considers an act to be morally right or acceptable if it produces some desired result?
a. Teleology
b. Deontology
c. The relativist perspective
d. Ethical formalism
e. Hedonism.
a. Teleology
Which moral philosophy focuses on the rights of individuals and on the intentions associated with a particular behavior, rather than its consequences?
a. Deontology
b. The relativist perspective
c. Teleology
d. Egoism
e. Utilitarianism
a. Deontology
_____are person-specific, whereas _______ are based on decisions made by groups or when carrying out tasks to meet business objectives
a. Organizational factors; business ethics
b. Codes of conduct; individual factors
c. Individual factors; codes of condu
e. Moral philosophies; business ethics
According to Kohlberg's model, as a person progresses through the stages of moral development, and with time, education, and experience, he/she
a. is unlikely to change his/her values and ethical behavior.
b. may change his/her values and ethical behavior
b. may change his/her values and ethical behavior.
An individual who defines what is right by considering his/her duty to society, not just to other specific people, is in which of Kohlberg's stages of cognitive moral development?
a. Punishment and obedience
b. Individual instrumental purpose and exchange
d. Social system and conscience maintenance
Which is the last of Kohlberg's stages of cognitive moral development?
a. Individual instrumental purpose and exchange
b. Need achievement
c. Social system and conscience maintenance
d. Punishment and obedience
e. Universal ethical principles
e. Universal ethical principles
A person who offers a facilitation payment in order to secure a contract that will keep her company from going bankrupt and laying off hundreds of employees may be a(n)
a. egoist.
b. teleologist.
c. utilitarian.
d. relativist.
e. humanitarian.
c. utilitarian.
Which moral philosophy evaluates the morality of an action on the basis of its conformity to general moral principles and respect for individual rights?
a. The relativist perspective
b. Act utilitarianism
c. Rule utilitarianis
d. Act deontology
e. Rule de
e. Rule deontology
_______is considered the father of free market capitalism. He believed that business was and should be guided by the morals of good men.
a. John Maynard Keynes
b. Henry Kissinger
c. George Washington
d. Adam Smith
e. Lawrence Kohlberg
d. Adam Smith
________ believe that no one thing is intrinsically good.
a. Hedonists
b. Pluralists
c. Relativists
d. Deontologists
e. Teleologists
b. Pluralists
Kant's categorical imperative and the Golden Rule are examples of which moral philosophy?
a. Teleology
b. Deontology
c. The relativist perspective
d. Egoism
e. Utilitarianism
b. Deontology
A marketing manager who orders that a manufacturing plant be refitted to make it safer for workers, no matter what the cost, may be a(n) _______ because he believes in the rights of all individuals.
a. egoist
b. utilitarian
c. deontologist
d. relativist
e
c. deontologist
Which moral philosophy evaluates the morality of an action on the basis of principles or rules designed to promote the greatest overall utility rather than by examining situations individually?
a. Rule utilitarianism b. Act utilitarianism c. Rule deontolo
a. Rule utilitarianism
Which moral philosophy evaluates the morality of an action on the basis of the equity, fairness, and impartiality of the action, with rules serving as guidelines in the decision-making process?
a. Rule utilitarianism
b. Act utilitarianism
c. Rule deontolo
d. Act deontology
Which moral perspective defines ethical behavior subjectively from the unique experiences of individuals and groups?
a. Virtue ethics
b. Egoism
c. The relativist perspective
d. Absolutism
e. Justice
c. The relativist perspective
Through time an act can come to be viewed as unethical under which of the following philosophies and perspectives?
a. The relativist perspective
b. Teleology
c. Deontology
d. Egoism
e. Rule deontology
a. The relativist perspective
________-typically focuses on the end result of actions and happiness created by them, whereas_________ emphasizes the means and motives by which actions are justified.
a. Pragmatism; hedonism
b. Deontology; pragmatism
c. Utilitarianism; deontology
d. Uti
e. A goodness theory; an obligation theory
An individual who believes that an action is ethical because others within his or her company and industry regularly engage in the activity is probably a(n)
a. utilitarian.
b. relativist.
c. teleologist.
d. deontologist.
e. egoist.
b. relativist.
Enlightened egoism
a. is when an individual puts spiritual feelings above all others. b. centers completely on the short-term well-being of others.
c. centers on one's short-term self-interest.
d. centers on one's longterm selfinterest but takes others' w
d. centers on one's longterm selfinterest but takes others' wellbeing into account.
Which moral philosophy is based on the premise that equal respect must be given to all persons?
a. The relativist perspective
b. Deontology
c. Egoism
d. Teleology
e. Utilitarianism
b. Deontology
______ have lower ethical issue sensitivity, meaning they are less likely to detect ethical issues. They may be more committed to completing projects and more dedicated to group values and objectives.
a. Relativists
b. Hedonists
c. Pragmatists
d. Deontolo
a. Relativists
_______ justice is based on the evaluation of outcomes or results of the business relationship. a. Procedural
b. Interactional
c. Distributive
d. Ethical
e. Egotistical
c. Distributive
Kohlberg's six stages of cognitive moral development can be reduced to three levels of ethical concern. Persons at the second level
a. define right as that which conforms to the expectations of good behavior of the larger society.
b. see beyond the norms,
a. define right as that which conforms to the expectations of good behavior of the larger society.
__________ argues that ethical behavior involves not only adhering to conventional moral standards but also considering
what a mature person with a "good" moral character would deem appropriate.
a. Act utilitarianism
b. Virtue ethics
c. Reciprocity d. Hed
b. Virtue ethics
When a person defines right and wrong on the basis of legal contracts, he or she is using which of Kohlberg's stages of development?
a. Punishment and obedience (1st stage)
b. Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity (3rd stage)
c.
d. Prior rights, social contract, or utility (5th stage)
_____ deals with the issue of what individuals feel they are due based on their rights and performance in the workplace, and therefore is more likely to be based on deontological moral philosophies than on teleological or utilitarian ones.
a. Rights
b. Vi
c. Justice
A central problem with relativism is
a. that it emphasizes people's differences, not similarities.
b. that few people believe that these principles are important.
c. that they are very complicated.
d. that they represent unattainable goals.
e. that many f
a. that it emphasizes people's differences, not similarities.
Which is not considered a white collar crime?
a. Corporate tax evasion
b. Credit card fraud
c. Insider trading
d. Identity theft
e. Mugging someone
e. Mugging someone
An individual who emphasizes others rather than himself or herself in making decisions is in which of the following of
Kohlberg's stages of development?
a. Universal ethical principles (6th stage)
b. Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and c
b. Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity (3rd stage)
Eric views animal research in the pharmaceutical industry as a way to improve drugs that will benefit mankind.
Which moral philosophy most closely represents his viewpoint?
a. Egoism
b. Relativism
c. Humanitarianism
d. Utilitarianism
e. Individualism
d. Utilitarianism
In Kohlberg's model, the stage of mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity (Stage 3) differs from the stage of individual instrumental purpose and exchange (Stage 2) in terms of the individual's motives in
a. considering fairness t
a. considering fairness to others.
The elements of______ important to business transactions have been defined as trust, self-control, empathy, fairness, and truthfulness. a. egoism
b. utilitarianism
c. deontology
d. moral philosophy
e. virtue
e. virtue
______ justice considers the processes and activities that produce the outcome or results.
a. Disruptive
b. Procedural
c. Interactional
d. Communications
e. Evaluative
b. Procedural