differential association
refers to the idea that people learn ethical or unethical behavior while interacting with others who are part of their role-sets or belong to other intimate personal groups.
whistle-blowing
Whistle-blowing means exposing an employer's wrongdoing to outsiders (external to the company) such as the media or government regulatory agencies. The term whistle-blowing is also used for internal reporting of misconduct to management,
especially throug
reward power
Reward power refers to a person's ability to influence the behavior of others by offering them something desirable. Typical rewards might be money, status, or promotion.
coercive power
essentially the opposite of reward power. Instead of rewarding a person for doing something, coercive power penalizes actions or behavior.
legitimate power
stems from the belief that a certain person has the right to exert influence and that certain others have an obligation to accept it. The titles and positions of authority that organizations bestow on individuals appeal to this traditional view of power.
expert power
derived from a person's knowledge (or the perception that the person possesses knowledge). Expert power usually stems from a superior's credibility with subordinates.
referent power
may exist when one person perceives that his or her goals or objectives are similar to another's. The second person may attempt to influence the first to take actions that will lead both to achieve their objectives. Because they share the same objective,
motivation
a force within the individual that focuses his or her behavior toward achieving a goal. To create motivation, an organization offers incentives to encourage employees to work toward organizational objectives. Understanding motivation is important to the e
relatedness needs
satisfied by social and interpersonal relationships
growth needs
satisfied by creative or productive activities
centralized organization
decision-making authority is concentrated in the hands of top-level managers, and little authority is delegated to lower levels. Responsibility, both internal and external, rests with top-level managers. This structure is especially suited for organizatio
decentralized organization
decision-making authority is delegated as far down the chain of command as possible. Such organizations have relatively few formal rules, and coordination and control are usually informal and personal. They focus instead on increasing the flow of informat
formal group
defined as an assembly of individuals that has an organized structure accepted explicitly by the group.
informal group
defined as two or more individuals with a common interest but without an explicit organizational structure.
group norm
standards of behavior that groups expect of their members. Just as corporate culture establishes behavior guidelines for an organization's members, so group norms help define acceptable and unacceptable behavior within a group. In particular, group norms
What is the influence of corporate culture on business ethics?
Corporate culture includes the behavioral patterns, concepts, values, ceremonies, and rituals that take place in the organization. It gives the members of the organization meaning as well as the internal rules of behavior. When these values, beliefs, cust
How does leadership, power, and motivation relate to ethical decision making in organizations?
Organizational leaders use their power and influence to shape corporate culture. Power refers to the influence that leaders and managers have over the behavior and decisions of subordinates. An individual has power over others when his or her presence cau
How do work groups influence ethical decision?
Work groups are used to subdivide duties within specific functional areas of a company. Work groups and teams provide the organizational structure for group decision making. One of the reasons why individuals cannot implement their personal ethical belief
What is the relationship between individual and group ethical decision making?
Many people find it hard to believe that an organization's culture can exert so strong an influence on individuals' behavior within the organization. In our society, we want to believe that individuals control their own destiny. A popular way of viewing b