Which factors are involved in the development of dental caries?
A. Presence of fermentable carbohydrates
B. Microorganisms in mouth
C. Susceptible host
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
E. All of the above
Which are important considerations in relation to the host forming dental caries?
I. Genetics
II. Race or ethnic group
III. Food selection
IV. Dietary patterns
V. Income
I,II,III,IV,V
Each has cariostatic properties, except one. Which is the exception?
A. Eggs
B. Instant oatmeal
C. Seafood
D. Meat
B. Instant oatmeal
As the frequency of fermentable carbohydrate intake increases, which event occurs?
A. The pH increases
B. The pH decreases
C. Salivary protective buffering capacity increases.
D. Salivary immunoglobulin A increases.
E. Salivary buffering capacity remains
B. The pH decreases
Dental caries is:
A. a multifactorial disease
B. a site-specific disease
C. a dynamic process that is modified by protective factors
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
Primary bacteria involved in initiation of dental caries are:
A. Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species.
B. Salmonella and Listeria species.
C. Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Salmonella species.
D. Listeria and Botulinum species and Escherichia
A. Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species.
Which has the least effect on cariogenicity?
A. Retentiveness
B. Physical form
C. Frequency of intake of carbohydrate
D. Quantity of fermentable carbohydrate
E. Timing and sequence of carbohydrate within a meal
D. Quantity of fermentable carbohydrate
(T/F) Most sugar alcohols-including sorbitol, mannitol, and xylitol- are cariogenic.
FALSE
(T/F) Cariogenic carbohydrates are the only reason for development of carious lesions.
FALSE
(T/F) A fermentable carbohydrate consumed with a meal is less cariogenic than the same food consumed as a snack.
TRUE
The normal resting pH of the oral cavity is approximately 7.0. Acids produced by bacteria after exposure to sugar cause the pH to drop below 5.5 rapidly for approximately 30 minutes and then gradually return to normal.
A. The first statement is true; the
C. Both statements are true
Which of the following statement(s) is/are for saliva?
A. Saliva is NOT a supersaturated solution of calcium and phosphate ions.
B. Xerostomia is defined as people who have a stimulated salivary flow rate below 0.7 ml/min.
C. Doses > 40Gy of radiation the
B. Xerostomia is defined as people who have a stimulated salivary flow rate below 0.7 ml/min.
___________________ is the process that results in hard tissue loss from tooth-to-tooth contact.
A. Erosion
B. Dental Caries
C. Abfraction
D. Attrition
E. Abrasion
D. Attrition
How does fluoride work for caries treatment/prevention?
A. Fluoride inhibits demineralization
B. Fluoride enhances remineralization
C. Fluoride inhibits the metabolism of oral microorganisms
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Among the dental products listed, generally which of the following order is correct from HIGHER fluoride concentration to LOWER fluoride concentration?
A. Toothpastes, Rinses, Gels, Varnish
B. Varnishes, Toothpastes, Rinses, Gels
C. Varnishes, Gels, Tooth
C. Varnishes, Gels, Toothpastes, Rinses
Nutritional goals for a patient wishing to modify eating patterns should adhere to each, except one. Which is the exception?
A. Measurable
B. Immediate
C. Realistic
D. Achievable
B. Immediate
Overall, the most effective method of obtaining dietary information is with the:
A. Diet history
B. 24-hour recall
C. Food frequency questionnaire
D. Food diary
D. Food diary
The purpose of the health history is to identify health-related considerations and medications that may cause nutritional risk. Many medications, such as prednisone, have drug-nutrient interactions that can influence nutrient needs.
A. Both statements are
A. Both statements are true
Knowing how patients perceive or value oral health can assist the dental professional in developing educational strategies. Which part of the history does this fall under?
A. Medical history
B. Psychosocial history
C. Dental history
D. Health history
C. Dental history
Why is a comprehensive medical history important for patient evaluation?
I. Treatment plan is complete
II. Treatment plan may be detrimental to patient's overall health
III. Provides a comprehensive picture
IV. Provides for effective education
II, III, IV
(T/F) Providing a standardized low-carbohydrate menu is sufficient for most patients with a high caries rate.
FALSE
(T/F) Results of dietary discussion sessions do not need to be documented or communicated with other dental staff members.
FALSE
(T/F) Listening involves interpreting the words spoken, the manner in which they are said, and non-verbal actions directly observed.
TRUE
For dental caries, the size of portions is more important than the number of portions. Portion distortion may make estimating dietary intake difficult.
A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. The first statement is true; the second sta
D. The first statement is false; the second statement is true
The most important factor in increasing caries risk is:
A. Oral contact time
B. Sequence of eating
C. Retentiveness of foods
D. Fermentable carbohydrates
A. Oral contact time
A young female patient of record arrives for her scheduled recall appointment, during which she confides in the hygienist her hopes of starting a family soon. She also mentions her physician's concerns regarding her weight. The dental hygienist recalls th
A. Before conception
Which of the following is NOT true concerning nutrition in pregnancy?
A. All women should gain 25-35 pounds during pregnancy.
B. The most critical time for adequate nutrition during pregnancy is during the first 8 weeks.
C. Appropriate weight gain during
A. All women should gain 25-35 pounds during pregnancy.
Which of the following is NOT considered a serious risk to the developing fetus?
A. Maternal alcohol consumption
B. Maternal use of drugs
C. Maternal eating disorders
D. Maternal moderate caffeine consumption
E. Maternal Vitamin A supplementation
D. Maternal moderate caffeine consumption
Infant birth weights are most affected by nutrient intake during which gestational time period?
A. Preconception
B. The first trimester
C. The first and second trimester
D. The second and third trimester
D. The second and third trimester
A goal for Healthy People 2020 is to reduce iron-deficiency anemia among pregnant females because the Institute of Medicine (IOM) has concluded that iron is the only known nutrient to warrant global supplementation during pregnancy.
A. Both the statement
A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related
The birth weight of an infant doubles in 3 months, and it has quadrupled by 1 year of age. Length or height increases by 50% by year of age.
A. Both statements are true.
B. Both statements are false.
C. The first statement is true; the second is false
D.
D. The first statement is false; the second statement is true
Each is true of human breast milk, except one. Which is the exception?
A. It is normally thin with a slightly bluish color
B. It contains long-chain fatty acids
C. It is low in cholesterol
D. Fat digestion cannot occur for several months after birth
E. Al
C. It is low in cholesterol
Because of increasing cases of fluorosis, low levels of fluoride are added to commercial infant formula. Breast milk provides low levels of fluoride.
A. Both statements are true.
B. Both statements are false.
C. The first statement is true; the second is
D. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
To help prevent early childhood caries (ECC), the dental hygienist should recommend the infant:
A. not be given nighttime bottles
B. drink pasteurized skim milk
C. eat iron-rich foods
D. drink fruit juice
A. not be given nighttime bottles
A mother asks about healthy snacks for her three children under 4 years old. All are wise choices the dental hygienist can recommend, except one. Which is the exception?
A. low-fat milk or yogurt
B. whole-grain cereals
C. raw vegetable sticks
D. nuts and
D. nuts and seeds
Sticky carbohydrate foods such as candies, cookies, and pastries are cariogenic, but crackers and raisins are not because crackers and raisins contain less processed, more natural ingredients.
A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
E. Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.
Which of the following nutrients is MOST likely to be deficient in the diet of an older patient?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin B1
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin A
C. Vitamin D
Which of the following two nutrient needs increase with age?
A. Water and fiber
B. Calcium and Vitamin D
C. Protein and fat
D. Vitamin K and biotin
B. Calcium and Vitamin D
Which of the following can affect an older adult's ability to consume a nutritious diet?
A. Living on a fixed income
B. Loss of teeth
C. Alcohol abuse
D. All of the above
E. Only A and C
D. All of the above
The major risk factor in adult root caries is:
A. too many between meal snacks
B. ineffective brushing and flossing
C. lack of fluoride
D. xerostomia
D. xerostomia
(T/F) Diet quality is significantly associated with dentate status.
TRUE
In older adults a major health concern is:
A. too much Vitamin C
B. too little Vitamin A
C. too little fluid
D. too little sodium
C. too little fluid
(T/F) Regular participation in strengthening and aerobic exercise helps slow the loss of age-related muscle mass.
TRUE
Generally, patients who wear dentures have reduced masticatory efficiency. Mandibular implant-supported dentures can have positive effects on the clinical aspects of mastication and swallowing.
A. Both statements are true.
B. Both statements are false.
C.
A. Both statements are true.
Each nutritional direction is appropriate for older adults, except one. Which one is the exception?
A. If xerostomia is present, use artificial saliva products or sugarless gum containing xylitol
B. Suggest fluid, sauces or gravies for patients with compr
C. Take vitamin supplements that provide 100% or more of the RDI.
Which term is used to describe medical practices that have been thoroughly evaluated using scientific methods?
A. Meta-Analysis
B. Systematic reviews
C. Evidenced based
D. Observational studies
C. Evidenced based
(T/F) Organic foods are more nutritious.
FALSE
In the United States, which community nutritional resources offer food assistance?
I. Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)
II. Head Start
III. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
IV. The Nutrition Program for the Elderly (Title III)
I,II,III,IV
Why is food quackery dangerous?
A. It fosters nutritional misinformation
B. Illegitimate scientific testing
C. It provides misinformation to consumers
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
D. All of the above
Each is a major control factor in preventing foodborne illness, except one. Which is the exception?
A. Appropriate personal hygiene
B. Adequate cross-contamination
C. Cooking to safe temperatures
D. Harvesting foods from safe sources
B. Adequate cross-contamination
All disease processes result from a combination of the following factors, except one. Which is the exception?
A. Failure to have an annual physical examination
B. Presence of an etiologic agent
C. Susceptibility of the host
D. Resistance of the host
E. En
A. Failure to have an annual physical examination
Individuals with loss of smell are NOT inclined to:
A. use more spices
B. eat less
C. eat and drink more sweets
D. lose weight
C. eat and drink more sweets
Each is a complication of neutropenia, except one. Which is the exception?
A. Mucositis
B. Atrophic glossitis
C. Fungal infections
D. Viral infections
E. Candidiasis
B. Atrophic glossitis
Neurologic deficits can cause patients to be unaware of the presence of food in the mouth. Pocketed foods remain in the mouth, especially the vestibule, after meals in patients.
A. Both statements are true.
B. Both statements are false
C. The first statem
A. Both statements are true.
Which statement most accurately reflects current thinking on prescription of bisphosphonates as they relate to osteonecrosis?
A. All patients taking biphosphonates develop osteonecrosis
B. The risk of osteonecrosis in patients taking biphosphonates is neg
C. Patients at risk for osteonecrosis have a history of large doses of intravenous bisphosphonates
Soft drinks, energy drinks, and sports drinks with fermentable carbohydrate should be avoided during orthodontia to enhance demineralization. Foods and drinks high in citric acid should also be avoided.
A. Both statements are true.
B. Both statements are
D. The first statement is false; the second statement is true
Each is a goal for patients with xerostomia, except one. Which is the exception?
A. Protect the oral cavity from the destructive effects of xerostomia
B. Delay treatment of existing conditions until fluid levels of tissues are adequately restored
C. Provi
B. Delay treatment of existing conditions until fluid levels of tissues are adequately restored
Adequate fluid and nutrient intake is essential before oral and maxillofacial surgery. Patients who are malnourished as result of chronic disease are at increased risk because they are likely to be immunosuppressed.
A. Both statements are true.
B. Both st
A. Both statements are true.
Compromised nutritional intake may be a result of which of the following?
A. Tooth mobility
B. Edentulous status
C. Uncomfortable appliances
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
D. All of the above
Which factors contribute to xerostomia?
I. Systemic disease
II. Depression
III. Obesity
IV. Dehydration
V. Analgesics
I,II,IV,V