Conceptually Systematic
behavior change interventions are derived from basic principles of behavior
Generalization
extends behavior change across time, settings, or other behaviors
Analytical
functional relationship is demonstrated; believability is it sufficient to prove and reliable
Mentalism
an approach to explaining behavior that assumes an inner dimension exists and causes behavior
4 branches of behavior analysis
CASE
Conceptual Analysis of Behavior
ABA
Behavior Service Delivery
Experimental Analysis of Bx (EAB)
ABA
refers to behavior analysts that create behavior-change tactics that can increase behavior and teach/maintain it.
Behavior Service Delivery
refers to many people in various fields of work who are implementing ABA within their fields
Experimental Analysis of Behavior
conducted in laboratories; research on basic process and principles
What are the 2 types of behavior
respondent and operant
Respondent Behavior
elicited, involuntary, reflex
Habituation
presented repeatedly the responder behavior diminishes
Otogenic
learning that results from an organisms interactions with his/her of the response
6 Attitudes of science
(DEERPP)
Determinism
Empiricism
Experimentation
Replication
Parsimony
Philosophical doubt
3 Principles of Behavior
PER:punishment, extinction, reinforcement
4 Ways to acquire information for assessment
COIT: checklists, observation, interviews, tests
Reactivity
the effects of the assessment process on the behavior of the individual being assess (self-monitoring most obtrusive). When observation is obvious to the individual
Habilitation
individual is able to access short and long term reinforcers, assess meaningful change
Behavior Cusps
open new doors or opportunities to experience their world; repertoire expands
Pivotal behaviors
bridge to performing other behaviors without having already been trained; so critical once you learn it will to lead more complex behaviors
Repertoire
all behaviors that an individual can do; a collection of knowledge and skills a person has learned
Operant
response-consequence relationship
5 types of positive reinforcers
EATSS: Edible, Activity, Tangible, Social
Sensory
Experimentation
requires manipulating variables to see the effects on the DV; assessment to determine if one event caused another event
Empiricism
FACTS, based on data based scientific approach, observation
Behaviorism
the philosophy of the science of behavior; environmental explanation
Parsimony
simplest and logical explanations must be ruled out before considering more complex explanations, simplest theory
3 levels of scientific understanding
DANA PRIYA CAN: description, prediction, control
Description
systematic observations
Prediction
correlation; 2 events can happen at the same time
Control
functional relationship; highest level
Hypothetical Construct
presumed but unobserved entities; free-will, readiness,
Explanatory Fictions
fictions variables that are another name for the observed behaviors ; knows, wants, figures
Normalization
the belief that people with disabilities should, to the maximum extent possible be physically and socially integrated into mainstream society; Mainstreaming
Operant Contingency
the occasion for a response (SD), the response, and the outcome of the response; the dependency of a particular consequence on the occurrence of the behavior
Operant Behavior
voluntary action, emit; any behavior whose probability is detained by its history of consequences
Adaptation
reductions in responding evoked by an antecedent stimulus over repeated or prolonged presentations
Respondent Conditioning
when a new stimuli acquire the ability to elicit respondents ( US--> UR) (NR+US)= (CS--> CR)
Phylogenic
Behavior that is inherited genetically; respondent behavior is due to this
Conceptual Analysis of Behavior
Examines philosophical, theoretical, historical, & methodological issues
Technological
Defines procedures clearly and in detail so they are replicable (like a recipe).
Behavioral
observable events, must be a behavior in need of improvement
Applied
The behavior targeted for change must be socially significant behavior that will improve the person's life.
7 dimensions of ABA
GET A CAB (generality, effective, technological, applied, conceptually systematic, analytic, behavioral)
Philosophical Doubt
having healthy skepticism and a critical eye about results of studies and work with clients
Replication
repeating experiments; used to determine the reliability and usefulness of findings; how scientists discover mistakes, self-correcting
Determinism
3 Cause and effect. Lawfulness: If/Then statements. The world is orderly and predictable.
3 types of stimulus classes
FTF (Formal, Temporal,Functional)
Formal
physical features (size, color, spatial positions)
Temporal
Time
Functional
a functional analysis of their effects on behavior
Positive Reinforcement
Type 1; process that occurs when a behavior is immediately followed by the presentation of a stimulus that increases the future frequency of the behavior
Negative Reinforcement
Type II; a process that occurs when a behavior is followed immediately by the reduction or removal of a stimulus that increases the future frequency of the behavior
Punishment
When the response is followed immediately by a stimulus that decreases the future frequency of similar responses
3 Types of Nervous Systems
proprioceptive, interoceptive, exteroceptive
Propioceptive
Balance/Movement
Interoceptive
Internval events; headache/hunger
Exteroceptive
Five Senses
Response
single instance of behavior
Behavior
set/class of responses
4 Functions of Problem Behavior
SEAT( Sensory, Escape, Attention
Tangible)
4 conditions of FA
Contingent Attention, Contingent Escape, Alone, Play(Control)
Stimulus Class
a group of antecedent stimuli that has a common effect on a operant class; members evoke or abate the same behavior
4 Phases of Intervention
A PIE (Assessment, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation)
validity
The ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure
accuracy
the extent to which the observed value matches the true state of the event as it exists in nature; represents the true value of something
reliability
consistent measurement; the closer the values obtained by repeated measurement of the same event are to one another, greater the reliability
Echoic
a type of verbal operant that occurs when the speaker repeats the verbal behavior of another. point to point correspondence and formal similarity
Point to point correspondence
When the beginning, middle, and end of the verbal stimulus match the beginning, middle, and end of the response.
formal similarity
when the controlling antecedent stimulus and the response share the same sense mode and physically look exactly the same ( both are either visual, auditory, or tactile
Mand
a type of verbal operant in which the speaker asks for (or states, demands, implies, etc.) what he.she needs or wants. controlled my MO's. first operant acquired by humans
Regular Mand
mands that can actually be reinforced
extended mand
emitting mands to object or animals that cannot possible supply an appropriate reinforcing response (telling a car to move on the freeway)
superstitious mands
an extended mand in which reinforcement sometimes occur incidentally.
magical mand
an extended man in which the reinforcement has NEVER occurred in the past. WISHING
Intraverbal
a verbal operant in which the speaker differentially responds to other people. Answering a question. do not have point to point correspondence
Tact
a type of verbal operant in which the speaker names things and action that the speaker has a direct contact with through any of the sense modes. labeling the environment when the object, event, stimulus is present in your environment. ( for exam if the pe
solstice extension
poor use of language / slang
metaphorical extension
metaphors
metonymical extension
verbal r�ponses to novel stimulus that share none of the relevant features of the original stimulus
textual
reading written words. reading without any implications that the reader understands what is being read.
transcription
taking dictation. writing and spelling words spoken to you.
Codic
verbal SD,
point-to-point correspondence,
no formal similarity
(textual and transcription)
duplic
Verbal operant under antecedent control of verbal stimuli with point-to-point correspondence & formal similarity (echoic)
autoclitic
an SD or an MO for additional speaker verbal behavior.