Research Methods CH 1

If an idea is falsified by data, science is thereby advanced because this result will _________

Spur the development of new and better ideas

Scientific _____ means that ideas must be evaluated on the basis of careful logic and results from scientific investigations

Skepticism

Identify the general goals of scientific research on behavior

1) to describe behavior
2) to predict behavior
3) to determine causes of behavior
4) to understand or explain behavior

In the context of learning about behavior, a problem with intuition is that _______

Numerous cognitive and motivational biases affect our perceptions

To know how to change behavior, one needs to ______

Know the causes of behavior

In the context of goals of behavioral science, a final goal of science is to ____ that have been described

Explain the events

A temporal order of events in which the cause precedes the effect is known as _____ ____

Temporal Precedence

Identify the points that help evaluate if a claim is pseudoscientific

-Untestable claims that cannot be refuted
-Claims rely on imprecise, biased, or vague language
-Evidence is based on anecdotes and testimonials rather than scientific data
-Evidence is from experts with only vague qualifications who provide support for th

A research study analyzed the effect of the government's new health care policy. This research study is classified as ____

Program evaluation

Identify an accurate statement about the characteristics of scientific inquiry defined by an "evolved theory of science

Science is adversarial

An accurate statement about applied research in the context of behavioral research is that it is concerned with ______

Immediate practical implications

In the context of learning about behavior, the scientific approach rejects the notion that ______

One can accept on faith the statements of any authority

One advantage of the use of the scientific approach over other ways of knowing about the world is that it ______

Provides an objective set of rules for gathering, evaluating, and reporting information

In the context of scientific inquiry for scientists, knowledge is primarily based on _____

Observations

The idea that knowledge is based on observations is referred to as ______

Empiricism

One of the characteristics of scientific inquiry defined by an "evolved theory of science" as described by Goldstein is that science is adverbial because it is ______

A way of thinking in which ideas do battle with other ideas in order to move ever closer to truth

The process of other scientists, who have the expertise to carefully evaluate the research, reviewing a scientific study before it is published in a top-quality scientific journal is known as _____

Peer review

In the context of scientific inquiry, scientists make observations that are _____

Accurately reported to other scientists and the public

Studies that are often designed to address theoretical issues concerning phenomena such as cognition, emotion, motivation, learning, neuropsychology, personality development, and social behavior are examples of _______

Basic research

In scientists search for observations that will verify or reject their ideas about the world, the role of ____ is central and fundamental

Data

One implication of the process of predicting behavior is that it allows us to _____

Anticipate events

The scientists begin with careful observation in scientific research because the goal of science is i=to _____

Describe behavior

In the context of basic and applied research, progress in science is dependent _____

On a synergy between basic and applied research

When the cause is present, the effect occurs; when the cause is not present, the effect does not occur. This is called _____

Covariation of cause and effect

A research group studied children ability to visualize characters based on descriptions in storybooks. This research can be classified as ______

Basic research

A pharmaceutical company claims scientific research proves that their product guarantees a permanent cure for obesity. Researchers later find that their claims have no valid basis in scientific research. What did the pharmaceutical company most likely use

Pseudoscience

The type of evidence used to identify the cause of behavior that states that nothing other than a casual variable could be responsible for the observed effect is called elimination of ____

Alternative explanations

Which of the following is a basis that affects our perceptions and influences us to draw erroneous conclusions about cause and effect?

Illusory correlation

T/F: An explanation that appears satisfactory will still be adequate when other causes are identified in subsequent research

False

Since no one can predict the eventual impact of basic research, support of basic research is necessary ____

Both to advance science and benefits society

Identify an accurate statement about the category of behavioral research called basic research

It tries to answer fundamental questions about the nature of behavior

An accurate statement about elimination of alternative explanations is that ____

There should be no other pleasurable alternative explanation for the relationships observed

A cognitive bias that occurs when one focuses on two events that stand out together is called ____

Illusory correlation