Intuition
Accepting unquestioningly what your own personal judgement or a single story about one persons experiences tells you
Authority
A convincing and influential source.
Illusory correlation
Occurs when we focus on two events that stand out and occur together.
Scientific skepticism
Ideas must be evaluated on the basis of careful logic and results from scientific observations.
Empiricism
The idea that knowledge is based on observations.
Falsifiability
Can be falsified by data.
Peer review
Before a study is published in a top-quality scientific journal, other scientists who have the expertise to carefully evaluate the research review it.
Pseudoscience
Fake science in which seemingly scientific terms and demonstrations are used to substantiate claims that have no basis in scientific research.
Temporal precedence
There is a temporal order of events in which the cause precedes the effect.
Covariation of cause and effect
When the cause is present, the effect occurs; when the cause is not present, the effect does not occur.
Alternative explanations
Nothing other than a causal variable could be responsible for the observed effect.
Basic research
Tried to answer fundamental questions about the nature of behavior.
Applied reaearch
Conducted to address issues in which there are practical problems and potential solutions.
Program evaluation
Assesses the social reforms and innovations that occur in government, education, the criminal Justice system, industry, health care, and mental health institutions.