Elements and Principles of Art

Line

An element of design that may be 2-d or 3-d or implied (like the edge of a form).

Value

An element of design that relates to the lightness and darkness of a color or tone.

Space

An element of design that indicates areas in a painting (positive and negative); also, the feeling of depth in a two-dimensional work of art.

Color

An element of design that identifies natural and manufactured things as being red, yellow, blue, orange, etc.

Shape

An element of design that is an enclosed space, having only two dimensions. Can be geometric (triangle, square) or organic (free form, with curving and irregular outlines)

Texture

The element of design that refers to the quality of a surface, both tactile and visual.

Form

An element of design that is 3-d and encloses volume, such as a cube, sphere, pyramid, cylinder. Also, in metalworking, to shape metal with hammered strokes.

Emphasis

A principle of design by which the artist or designer may use opposing sizes, shapes, contrasting colors, or other means to place greater attention on certain areas, objects or feelings in a work of art.

Contrast

A principle of design that refers to differences in values, colors, textures and other elements to achieve emphasis and interest.

Unity

A principle of design that relates to the sense of oneness or wholeness in a work of art.

Balance

A principle of design that refers to the visual equalization of elements in a work of art. There are three types, symmetrical, asymmetrical, and radial.

Rhythm

A principle of design that indicates a type of movement in an artwork or design, often by repeated shapes, lines, or colors.

Pattern

A principle of design in which combinations of lines, colors, and shapes are used to show real or imaginary things. May also be achieved by repeating a shape, line, or color.

Movement

A principle of design referring to the arrangement of parts in an artwork to direct one's eye through the work.