In a normal distribution, most students' scores fall at the edge of the bell curve.
False
A multimodal distribution means that there are three or more modes.
True
It is possible for the mean score of a data set to become influenced by an extreme score in the data.
True
Variance is described as the degree or amount of dispersion in a data set.
True
The number of times a score occurs in a distribution can be determined by completing a frequency count.
True
The square root of the variance is the sum of squares
False
When students enroll in school and are provided with an identification number - a combination of letters and numbers - this number is which scale?
Nominal
Students who participated in the science fair were ranked by category and received first, second, and third place ribbons. This is an example of what type of scale?
Oridinal
This scale is used for direct comparisons and mathematical manipulations. The numbers on the scale are equidistant from each other and have a true meaning of absolute zero.
Ratio
Which of the following indicates a raw score?
Correct answers=
This term is used when a national sampole of students of the same age/grade take the same assessment and establish a mean and standard deviation.
Norm-referenced
Organizing data to see how the data cluster is called which of the following?
Measures of Central Tendency
What does the vertical line in the normal distribution represent?
Mean
What is the variance of 84, 80, 74?
16.8889
What is the standard deviation of 84, 80, 74?
4.11
An individual with an IQ of 70 may be classified as which of the following?
Mental intellectual disability
An individual with an IQ of 130 may be classified as which of the following?
Gifted
What is the approximate mean? 76,76,76,76,76,72,69,68,68,67,52,51,51
67
What is the mode? 76,76,76,76,76,72,69,68,68,67,52,51,51
76
What is the median? 76,76,76,76,76,72,69,68,68,67,52,51,51
69
What is the range? 76,76,76,76,76,72,69,68,68,67,52,51,51
26
When the mean score is represented as +/- 2 what type of score is this?
z score
What type of score is derived when scores are divided into 10 groups, and each group represents 10% of the obtained scores?
Decile
Which of the following refers to the consistency of scores on a specific instrument across time or across items?
Test reliability
Which of the following may be determined by analyzing the relationship between two sets of scores?
Reliability
When a teacher gives a test to students on one occasion, repeats the exam on the same students at a later date, and then correlates the scores, the teacher is demonstrating interest in determining which of the following?
Test-related reliability
What is the term used to ensure that a psychological trait, personality trait, psychological concept attribute or theoretical characteristic is measured by an instrument?
Construct validity
Which of the following statements is true concerning the relationship between reliability and standard error of measurement?
In general, the higher the reliability, the lower the standard error of measurement.
Which of the following is NOT used to measure internal consistency?
Interrater reliability
A practice effect may be a problem when studying the results of which of the following?
Test-retest reliability
Comparing the scores of a new assessment instrument with the scores of an older test may help to establish which of the following?
Content validity
Which of the following options would most likely represent a NEGATIVE correlation?
The course section number and the test grade
Correlation is represented by what symbol?
r
A test item is considered to have this if it is answered incorrectly a disproportionate number of times by one group compared to another.
Item bias
When an instrument can predict performance on some other variable, it is considered to have which of the following?
Predictive validity
Discuss at least five different mistakes that are easily made by professionals in the process of identifying students with special needs.
1. Misinterpretation of reported data.
2. Choosing poor-quality instruments.
3. Not using tests for their purpose.
4. Making scoring errors.
5. Failure to establish effective rapport with the examinee.
Explain how a mean score can be influenced by extremely high or extremely low scores in a data set.
It can pull the average score up or down. High scores pull the average up and low scores pull the average down.
How are the measures of central tendency different than the measures of dispersion?
Central tendency is a way to organize data to see how to data cluster, including how they are distributed around the average score.
Measures of dispersion are used to calculate how scores are spread from the mean using variability as a measure.
Define and provide an example of the four different numerical scales.
1. Nominal - School ID number
2. Ordinal - First place ribbon
3. Interval - Thermometer
4. Ratio - Time
What are the four steps required to calculating variance.
1. Calculate the distance of each score from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score in the data-set.
2. Find the square of each of the difference scores found in step 1.
3. Find the total of all of the squared score differences.
4. Calculate the
How would the use of standard error of measurement help in making educational decisions for students'.
Determining the SEM it allows the teacher to determine if the student's scores are a reasonable estimate of their abilities.
Compare and contrast reliability and validity.
Reliability - Dependability or consistency of an instrument across time or items.
Validity - Degree to which an instrument measures what it was designed to measure.
Determine the standard error of measurement given the following information: standard deviation = 3 and reliability coefficient = .51.
SEM = 2.1
What are the three types of reliability? What are the optimal reliability scores?
3 types of reliability:
1. Consistency over time.
2. The consistency of items on a test.
3. The consistency of scorers.
Optimal reliability scores:
1. .60 indicates adequate reliability
2. .80 is a high degree of reliability(preferred)
In a normal distribution, most students' scores fall at the edge of the bell curve.
False
A multimodal distribution means that there are three or more modes.
True
It is possible for the mean score of a data set to become influenced by an extreme score in the data.
True
Variance is described as the degree or amount of dispersion in a data set.
True
The number of times a score occurs in a distribution can be determined by completing a frequency count.
True
The square root of the variance is the sum of squares
False
When students enroll in school and are provided with an identification number - a combination of letters and numbers - this number is which scale?
Nominal
Students who participated in the science fair were ranked by category and received first, second, and third place ribbons. This is an example of what type of scale?
Oridinal
This scale is used for direct comparisons and mathematical manipulations. The numbers on the scale are equidistant from each other and have a true meaning of absolute zero.
Ratio
Which of the following indicates a raw score?
Correct answers=
This term is used when a national sampole of students of the same age/grade take the same assessment and establish a mean and standard deviation.
Norm-referenced
Organizing data to see how the data cluster is called which of the following?
Measures of Central Tendency
What does the vertical line in the normal distribution represent?
Mean
What is the variance of 84, 80, 74?
16.8889
What is the standard deviation of 84, 80, 74?
4.11
An individual with an IQ of 70 may be classified as which of the following?
Mental intellectual disability
An individual with an IQ of 130 may be classified as which of the following?
Gifted
What is the approximate mean? 76,76,76,76,76,72,69,68,68,67,52,51,51
67
What is the mode? 76,76,76,76,76,72,69,68,68,67,52,51,51
76
What is the median? 76,76,76,76,76,72,69,68,68,67,52,51,51
69
What is the range? 76,76,76,76,76,72,69,68,68,67,52,51,51
26
When the mean score is represented as +/- 2 what type of score is this?
z score
What type of score is derived when scores are divided into 10 groups, and each group represents 10% of the obtained scores?
Decile
Which of the following refers to the consistency of scores on a specific instrument across time or across items?
Test reliability
Which of the following may be determined by analyzing the relationship between two sets of scores?
Reliability
When a teacher gives a test to students on one occasion, repeats the exam on the same students at a later date, and then correlates the scores, the teacher is demonstrating interest in determining which of the following?
Test-related reliability
What is the term used to ensure that a psychological trait, personality trait, psychological concept attribute or theoretical characteristic is measured by an instrument?
Construct validity
Which of the following statements is true concerning the relationship between reliability and standard error of measurement?
In general, the higher the reliability, the lower the standard error of measurement.
Which of the following is NOT used to measure internal consistency?
Interrater reliability
A practice effect may be a problem when studying the results of which of the following?
Test-retest reliability
Comparing the scores of a new assessment instrument with the scores of an older test may help to establish which of the following?
Content validity
Which of the following options would most likely represent a NEGATIVE correlation?
The course section number and the test grade
Correlation is represented by what symbol?
r
A test item is considered to have this if it is answered incorrectly a disproportionate number of times by one group compared to another.
Item bias
When an instrument can predict performance on some other variable, it is considered to have which of the following?
Predictive validity
Discuss at least five different mistakes that are easily made by professionals in the process of identifying students with special needs.
1. Misinterpretation of reported data.
2. Choosing poor-quality instruments.
3. Not using tests for their purpose.
4. Making scoring errors.
5. Failure to establish effective rapport with the examinee.
Explain how a mean score can be influenced by extremely high or extremely low scores in a data set.
It can pull the average score up or down. High scores pull the average up and low scores pull the average down.
How are the measures of central tendency different than the measures of dispersion?
Central tendency is a way to organize data to see how to data cluster, including how they are distributed around the average score.
Measures of dispersion are used to calculate how scores are spread from the mean using variability as a measure.
Define and provide an example of the four different numerical scales.
1. Nominal - School ID number
2. Ordinal - First place ribbon
3. Interval - Thermometer
4. Ratio - Time
What are the four steps required to calculating variance.
1. Calculate the distance of each score from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score in the data-set.
2. Find the square of each of the difference scores found in step 1.
3. Find the total of all of the squared score differences.
4. Calculate the
How would the use of standard error of measurement help in making educational decisions for students'.
Determining the SEM it allows the teacher to determine if the student's scores are a reasonable estimate of their abilities.
Compare and contrast reliability and validity.
Reliability - Dependability or consistency of an instrument across time or items.
Validity - Degree to which an instrument measures what it was designed to measure.
Determine the standard error of measurement given the following information: standard deviation = 3 and reliability coefficient = .51.
SEM = 2.1
What are the three types of reliability? What are the optimal reliability scores?
3 types of reliability:
1. Consistency over time.
2. The consistency of items on a test.
3. The consistency of scorers.
Optimal reliability scores:
1. .60 indicates adequate reliability
2. .80 is a high degree of reliability(preferred)