Articles of Confederation
The first written constitution of the United States, superseded by the Constitution in 1788. From the beginning of the American Revolution, Congress felt the need for a stronger union and a government powerful enough to defeat Great Britain.
reason for the Land Ordinance of 1785
ordinance was to raise money through the sale of land in the largely unmapped territory west of the original states acquired after the end of the Revolutionary War in the 1783 Treaty of Paris
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
set procedures for dividing the land into territories..
Shays' Rebellion
an uprising ...farmers protest which caused panic dismay throughout the nation...started in Massachusetts.
Constitution
a new form of legislation that replaced the articles of confederation.
Great Compromise
Roger Sherman from Connecticut suggested _____ which offered two-house Congress to stratify both small and big states
Separation of powers
to protect the rights of each state and also grant some power exclusively to the national government.(three branches of gov.)
Checks and balances
to prevent one branch from dominating the others
Limited government
the idea that the new government should be limited in their powers.
Three-fifths compromise
how slaves are to be counted as population
Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists
Anti-Federalist objections to the Constitution/Federalist defenses of the Constitution
Federalist Papers
a series of 85 essays defending the constitution
Bill of Rights
Anti federalists argued that the constitution was weak and needed a national ________
George Washington
reluctantly accepted the unanimous choice to be the first President
Thomas Jefferson
Secretary of State
Alexander Hamilton
Secretary of Treasure
Hamilton's financial plan
manage the country's debt and establish a national banking system
Whiskey Rebellion
was the milestone in the consolidation of federal power in domestic affairs.
Farewell Address
George Washington's speech giving advice to the nation as his term ended.
John Adams
leader of federalist party and second u.s president.
Impressment
the act of coercing someone into government service
XYZ Affair
when three French officials demanded a bribe to speak with French ministers.
Midnight appointments
the act of putting a person into a non-elective position
Marbury v Madison
when an obscure Federalist, William Marbury, was designated as a justice of the peace in the District of Columbia. Marbury and several others were appointed to government posts created by Congress in the last days of John Adams's presidency.
Political parties
groups of politicians that believe in different methods of governing.
Federalists
supporters of a strong national government and a loose interpretation of the constitution.
Democratic-Republicans
republicans supporting strong state governments and supported France.
Define Republic:
government in which citizens rule through their elected representatives.
In what state did some women (property owners) have the right to vote until 1807?
New Jersey
Republican Motherhood" expected women to raise the next generation of patriots by:
upholding the ideals of republicanism, in order to pass on republican values to the next generation
Which act of Congress established the system of surveying western lands?
...land ordinance of 1785
Which act of Congress established the procedure for the admission of new states?
...northwest ordinance of 1787
Why didn't the national government during the Articles of Confederation era repay the national debt created during the Revolution?
...national government under the articles was unable to collect any revenue from the states.
What European nation, in 1784, refused to allow Americans to use the port of New Orleans?
...France
Why were Daniel Shays and the other Massachusetts farmers rebelling in 1786 - 1787?
...they felt they were victims of unfair taxation
Why did some states object to Madison's Virginia Plan?
...it favors large states
The New Jersey Plan was favored by which group of states?
...small states
Which agreement solved the problems presented by the Virginia and New Jersey plans?
...the great compromise
What compromise was agree to in order to solve the issue of counting slaves for representation and taxation?
...the three-fifths compromise
A federal government divides powers between:
...national government and state government
Which level of government controls "reserved" powers?
...state level of government
Which group is responsible for electing the president and vice - president?
...electoral college
Which group favored the ratification of the Constitution?
...federalists
What was the primary complaint of the Anti-Federalists regarding the ratification of the Constitution?
...gave central government to much power
When did the Constitution become a reality?
...June 1788
Identify three groups of Americans whose rights were no protected by the Bill of Rights:
...native Americans,slaves
Who was unanimously elected by the Electoral College as the first President of the United States?
...George Washington
What act of Congress establish the federal courts?
...judiciary act
What are the president's chief advisors called (collectively)?
the cabinet
Which cabinet officer favored a strong central government ruled by the upper class?
Alexander Hamilton
Which cabinet officer distrusted a strong central government and favored stronger state and local governments?
Thomas Jefferson
Why did many Southerners dislike Hamilton's plan for the national government to assume state debts?
they feared the return of taxes
Who came up with the idea of creating The Bank of the United States?
alexander hamilton
Why was the national capital moved from New York City to a new city (named Washington) along the bank of the Potomac River?
The site of the new capital was the product of political compromise. As part of the struggle over Hamilton's financial policy, Congress supported the Bank of the United States which would be headquartered in Philadelphia. In exchange the special District
What two political parties came into existence during the presidency of George Washington?
...democrats and republicans
Most producers of whiskey were:
farmers
What was the position of George Washington regarding war between France and Great Britain?
Neutral
Pinckney's Treaty of 1795 was an agreement between the USA and what European power?
Spain
The Battle of Fallen Timbers gave the USA control of what present day state?
Ohio
In what way was the election of 1796 seen as a sign of sectionalism?
government officials became more divided in political parties.
The XYZ Affair involved the USA and what European nation?
France
The Alien and Sedition Acts were adopted by Congress in an attempt to weaken which political party?
democratic-republicans
Who wrote the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
Land Ordinance of 1785
The land west of the Appalachian Mountains, north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River was to be divided into ten separate states.
Northwest Ordinance of 1787 set requirements
for admission of new state
ten amendments to the constitution
Bill Of Rights
excise tax
tax on products that caused the whiskey rebellion