Political rivals in 1960 election
Democratic nominee from Massachusetes: John F. Kennedy
Republican nominee, former VP :Richard E. Nixon
Kennedy's success in the debate launched a new era in American politics..
the television age
John F. Kennedy
35th President
- 1st televised debate
- handsome, charismatic, organized and public icon
- backed civil rights issue
- 43 (very young)(
Kennedy surrounded himself with a team of advisors called
the best and the brightest
flexible response
military strategy which resulted in increased defense spending in order to boost conventional military forces- nonnuclear forces such as troops, ships, and artillery and to crate an elite branch of the army called the special forces, or green berets.
- en
Fidel Castro
openly declared himself a communist of Cuba and welcomed aid from the USSR
Bay of Pigs Invasion
- march 1960 - President Eisenhower gave CIA permission to secretly train Cuban exiles for an invasion of Cuba
- CIA hoped it would trigger an uprising and overthrow Castro
- Kennedy had doubts but approved it
- april 17, 1961, some 1,300 to 1,500 cuban e
Cuban Missile Crisis
-october 1962
- american plans reveal soviet missile bases in cuba some containing missiles ready to launch
- october 22, Kennedy informs public
- Thwe world faced the terrifying possibility of nuclear war
- Soviet Ships headed toward cuba while the US na
berlin wall
a concrete wall topped with barbed wire that severed the city in two
- ended berlin crisis
Hot line
direct phone line between White House and Kremlin
Limited Test ban Treaty
barred nuclear testing in the atmosphere
New Frontier
Kennedy's vision of progress
- offered Congress proposals to provide medical care for the aged, rebuild blighted urban areas and aid education
Kennedy's effort to stimulate economy
- Kennedy pushed for defecit spending
Peace Corps
a program of volunteer assistance to the developing nations of Asia, Africa and Latin America
Alliance for Progress
offered economic and technical assistance to Latin american countries
First man in space in 1961
Soviet cosmonaut, Yuri A. Gagarin
November 22, 1963
assassination of JFK
Warren Commision
investigated and concluded that Lee Harvey Oswald had shot the president while acting on his own.
Later, in 1979, they concluded that Oswald was a part of a conspiracy
Lyndon Baines Johnson
LBJ, Vice president of JFK who became President after Kennedy's assassination
- grew up in Blacno County, Texas
- was in house of representatives
- mentored by FDR
- won a seat in senate
- proved himself a master of party politics and behind the scenes ma
Economic opportunity act
program created by LBJ to fight war against poverty
- approved nearly $1 billion for youth programs, antipoverty measures, small business loans and job training.
Created: Job Crops Youth training program, VISTA (volunteers in service to america)
Project h
1965 election nominees
conservative repbulican senator, Barry Goldwater of Arizona and LBJ
1964 election
LBJ won by landslide, democrats increased majority in Congress.
Great Society
Johnson's vision of America
LBJ and Education
- introduced flurry of bills to Congress,
- considered education key which can unlock door to great society
- Elementary and Secondary education act of 1965 provided more than $1 billion in federal aid to help public and parachial schools purchase textboo
Medicare
proved hopsital insurance and low cost medical insurance for almost every American age 65 or older
Medicaid
extended health insurance to welfare recipients
Immigration act of 1965
opened the door for many non- europeon immigrants to settle in the US by ending quotas based on nationality.
Brown vs. Board of Education
ruled school segregation unconstitutional
Warren Court
banned state- sanctioned prayer in public schools and delcared state required loyalty oaths unconstituational.
reapportionment
the way in which states redraw election districts based on the changing number of people in them.
baker vs. Carr (1962)
court asserted that federal courts had the right to tell states to reapportion - or redivide their districts for more equal representation.
Reynolds vs. sims
extended the principle of "one person, one vote" to state legislature districts
Mapp v Ohio
court ruled that evidence seized illegally could not be used in state courts
Gideon vs Wainwright
the justices requried criminal courts to provide free legal counsel to those who could not afford it.
Escobedo vs. Illinois
justices ruled that an accused person has aright to have a lawyer presend during police questioning.
Miranda vs Arizona
ruled that all suspects must be read their rights before questioning.
1964 tax cut
spurs economic growth; lowers federal defecit
1964 civil rights act
prohibits discrimination, allows enforcement