Articles of Confederation
After we gained independence from Britain in the Revolutionary War, the first constitution written for our national government was known as this
Virginia Plan
It proposed throwing out the Articles of Confederation and creating a new national government with the power to make laws binding upon the states and to raise its own money through taxes
New Jersey Plan
Revised the Articles of Confederation to make the central government stronger
Connecticut Compromise
Constitutional Convention proposal that created a House proportionate to population and a Senate in which all states were represented equally
3/5 Compromise
how the Constitutional Convention decided to handle slavery, made each slave worth part of the state's population
Federalists
John Adams; Supporters of the Constitution, believed in strong central government
Democratic Republicans
Thomas Jefferson; those who believe in self-government and the sharing of power between all people
Alien and Sedition Acts
John Adams; Laws passed by congress in 1798 that enabled the government to imprison or deport aliens and to prosecute critics of the government
Louisiana Purchase
Thomas Jefferson;1803 purchase of the Louisiana territory from France, this doubled the size of the US.
War Hawks
James Madison; Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain. They had a strong sense of nationalism, and they wanted to takeover British land in North America and expand.
Battle of New Orleans
James Madison;, battle in 1815 between American and British troops for control of New Orleans, ending in an American victory
Adams Onis Treaty
James Monroe;an 1819 agreement in which Spain gave over control of the territory of Florida to the United States
Jacksonian Democracy
The idea of spreading political power to the people and ensuring majority rule.
Eli Whitney
invented the cotton gin (machine separates cotton from its seeds)
Manifest Destiny
the belief that the United States was destined to stretch across the continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean
Corrupt Bargain
the alleged deal between John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay in the Election of 1824 that stole the election from Andrew Jackson
Indian Removal Act
Provided government money and support for the states to relocate Native Americans.
Trail of Tears
Thousands of Cherokee died on the forced march to Oklahoma, a route known as this
Missouri Compromise
an agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States concerning the extension of slavery into new territories
Abolition
the end of slavery
Nullification
States could declare government laws invalid
Tariff of Abomination
John Calhoun (Jackson's VP) blamed economy problems on the South
- Increased cost of tariff on British manufactured goods caused a decrease in the number of British exports ? people (south specifically) bought more of the North's goods ? north got more ri
Worcester v. Georgia
case where the state of Georgia tried to remove the Cherokee Indians, but Congress said it was illegal to remove them off their own land
McCullough v. Maryland
1819 ruling by the Supreme Court stating that Maryland could not tax the local office of the Bank of the United States because it was the property of the National Gov't
Forced Bill
Authorizing president Jackson to use the military to enforce acts of Congress
Whigs
party that favored a national bank, protective tariffs and eventually the abolition of slavery
Democrats
political party lead by Andrew Jackson from 1828 to 1856. Campaigned against strong central government and fought to end elitism.
Steve Austin
First settler in Texas
Sam Houston
selected as one of the Texas first 2 US senators,served until 1859
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Treaty that ended the Mexican War, granting the U.S. control of Texas, New Mexico, and California in exchange for $15 million
Harper's Ferry
Radical Abolitionist John Brown attempted to lead a raid on a federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry Virginia in 1859. He hoped to gain weapons to armed slaves in a rebellion against southern slaveholders. U.S. marines under the command of Robert E. Lee quickly
Kansas- Nebraska Act
Hoping for creation of a transcontinental railroad that would run for senator against democrat Stephen Douglas' law allowed each territory to exercise popular sovereignty to decide whether slavery would be allowed in that territory
Bleeding Kansas
Northern abolitionists rushed to Seattle in the new territory of Kansas to create an anti-slavery majority there. Pro-slavery "border ruffian" from Missouri elected a pro-slavery legislature in Kansas and attacked antislavery setters there. By the end of
Election of 1860
Lincoln, the Republican candidate, won because the Democratic party was split over slavery. As a result, the South no longer felt like it has a voice in politics and a number of states seceded from the Union.
Ft. Sumter
Union fort attacked by Confederates in 1861 sparking the start of the Civil War
Ironclads
Wooden ships with metal armor that were employed by both sides during the Civil War.
Rifle
Carving of grews of the inside of rifle barrel
Anaconda Plan
Winifield Scott Created it, to cut off southern trade with Europe, surround/ divide south and cut off its access to resources
Emancipation Proclamation
Issued by Abraham Lincoln on September 22, 1862, it declared that all slaves in the rebellious Confederate states would be free
Bull Run
first MAJOR conflict of the war, showed the North that the South was not going to be defeated quickly
Antietam
the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with almost 23,000 casualties.
Shiloh
this was battle fought by Grant in an attempt to capture the railroad of the South. The battle was fought in the west prevented the north from obtaining an easy victory.
Vicksburg
Grant's best fought campaign, this siege ended in the seizure of the Mississippi River by the Union
Gettysburg
The most violent battle of the American Civil War and is frequently cited as the war's turning point, fought from July 1 - July 3, 1863.
Andrew Johnson
became president. He opposed radical Republicans who passed Reconstruction Acts over his veto. The first U.S. president to be impeached, also weak president
Proclamation of North Carolina
model of how Johnson wanted to restore the south to the union.
1. Write new constitution.
2. Revoke ordinance of Secession.
3. Reject all Civil War debts.
13th Amendment
Banned slavery in the U.S.
Black Codes
Severely limited Black rights in the south, these codes kept a slave like environment for African Americans
Radical Republicans
Political party that favored harsh punishment of Southern states after civil war
Ku Klux Klan
a violent group of radicals against all races
14th Amendment
This amendment declared that all persons born or naturalized in the United States were entitled equal rights regardless of their race, and that their rights were protected at both the state and national levels
Ulysses S. Grant
an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War.
15th Amendment
This amendment granted black men the right to vote.
Ideology
Set of beliefs about the government
Liberal
a person who favors a political philosophy of progress and reform and the protection of civil liberties
Conservative
a person who has conservative ideas or opinions
Manifest Destiny
a policy of imperialism rationalized as inevitable
Abolition
the act of abolishing a system or practice or institution (especially abolishing slavery)
Secession
Act of withdrawing from the U.S. by one or more states
Conscription
military draft