Imperialism
building of an empire by founding colonies of conquering other nations
Raw materials, new markets to sell goods, national pride, naval defenses
Reasons for expansion (4)
Isolationism
avoiding involvement in affairs of foreign countries (US's policy since George Washington)
Alfred T. Mahan
author of The Influence of Sea Power upon History
Seward's Folly
In 1867, the secretary of state, William Seward, bought the Alaskan territory from Russia for $7.2 million, or 2 cents an acre. At the time it was seen as a miserable mistake. People believed that Alaska had nothing to offer. However, in 1890, gold was fo
Bayonet Constitution
Hawaiian constitution, King was forced to sign it at gunpoint, benefitted the US
Commodore Matthew Perry
man sent to Japan for friendship, trade, and coal. Helped US reach trade agreement with Japan.
Meiji Restoration
period of rapid industrial growth and modernization in Japan from 1868 to 1904. In a 40-year period, japan went from a feudal state to a world power.
Sino-Japanese war
(1894) Japan crushed China in the.
They were expecting to find new resources. This led to eventual conflict with European countries.
Russo-Japanese War
(1904/5) Russia and Japan went to war over land in Manchuria. Russia's navy was destroyed. This marks the first time a western power was beaten by a non-western power in modern times. Japan could now be considered a world power. Teddy Roosevelt steps in t
Spheres of influence
areas in a country where the resources are controlled by foreign powers. European countries had these in China.
Open Door Policy for China
In 1899, John Hay (secretary of state) declared it. Gave all nations have equal trade access to trade with China.
It wasn't until the Boxer Rebellion that the other countries agreed
Boxer Rebellion
in 1900 a nationalist group called "the Fists of Righteous Harmony" took over foreign controlled areas in Beijing. They were discontent with what they saw as exploitation of China by foreigners. The rebellion lasted 2 months before the foreign countries c
Spanish-American War
(1898) "Splendid Little War," 5 months long.
#1 cause: Cuba (the last Spanish colony in Americas)
Cuba was revolting to Spain
When US cam their first order of business was a blockade of the Cuban island. US was ill prepared- had the wrong clothes. Disease
(1.) Yellow journalism
(2.) The US had economic interest in Cuba
(3.) Strategic position for the Gulf of Mexico
(4.) US sympathized with the Cuban's fight for independence (about 100 years after the Us had fought for it's own)
(5.) USS Maine was destroyed
(5) Reasons for US involvement in the Spanish-American war
Teller Amendment
amendment, stated that the US has no interest in control of Cuba
Yellow journalism
a biased opinion masquerading as objective fact. The practice of involved sensationalism, distorted stories, and misleading images. Why? To excite public opinion, and boost news sales
#Rough Riders
The most acclaimed group of soldiers in the Spanish-American War. Headed by second in command Lt. Col. Teddy Roosevelt. This group was heavily written about in newspapers.
Teddy Roosevelt
man who started the Rough Riders
Anti-imperialist league
organization, a group of Americans that opposed the treaty between the Spanish and Americans to create a "colonial empire." They felt that controlling other countries was denying self government and American values of democracy
Platt Amendment
Amendment, limited the Cuban's power to make treaties with other countries, allowed the US to interfere in Cuban affairs (the US could step in when they felt necessary), made Cuba lease land to the US (Guantanamo Bay for a US Naval base)
*Even after the U
Jones Act
(1917) grants US citizenship to Puerto Ricans
Sugar cane
main agricultural crop for Cuba and Hawaii
Influence of Sea Power on History
book written by Alfred T. Mahan, important because it said that in order to protect your country's interests, you needed an overseas navy, one of the reasons for countries wanting to imperialize
Sovereignty
(noun) supreme power or authority; the authority of a state to govern itself or another state; a self-governing state
Panama Canal
the defining achievement of Teddy Roosevelt's presidency. The US wanted to build a canal over the Isthmus of Panama; however, Colombia would not let the Americans build. US helped Panama secede from Colombia. US gained access to build. (Finished in 1914)
Roosevelt Corollary
extension of the Monroe Doctrine, states that US can intervene in any international incident in Latin America and act as a police officer. (Example of Roosevelt's foreign policy)
Roosevelt corollary, "speak softly and carry a big stick
Examples of Roosevelt's foreign policy (2)
Emilio Aguinaldo
leader of the rebel movement in the Philippines
Dollar Diplomacy
influencing governments through economics- not just military intervention. Invest in a country and next time there is any kind of problem in the area the US could go in with military by saying they were "protecting their economics." (Example of Taft's for
Banana wars
conflicts in Latin American countries involving their major crop (leading export- bananas) in the early 20th century (early 1900's)
Caudillo
a strong man, charismatic leader who usually represents the "common people" of the country
Unhappy people
Unstable government
US makes better
US supervises elections
common elements of banana wars (4)
We claimed them (they were previously unclaimed)
how did the US acquire the Midway Islands?
We helped panama secede from Colombia and then we bought the land and built it
how did the US acquire the Panama Canal?
Given to the US for $20 million in a peace treaty from Spain
how did the US acquire the Philippines?
They were annexed
how did the US acquire Hawaii?
Got as a result of the Spanish-American war (treaty of Paris)
how did the US acquire Puerto Rico?
Bought from Russia for $7.2 million- Seward's Folly
how did the US acquire Alaska?
(1.) Raw materials
(2.) New markets to sell goods
(3.) National pride
(4.) Naval defenses
(4) reasons why countries wanted to expand and imperialize
Guantanimo Bay
stronghold that the US obtained in Cuba- we still have it today
(1) The US won handily and asserted itself as a World Power
(2) US gained control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines and Guam
Results of the Spanish-American war (2)