Satellite State
Eastern Europe and Eastern Germany became dependent and influenced from the Soviet Union, but was formally independent
Cold War
(1945-1989) the continuing state of conflict between the Soviet Union and the United States that caused much tension and competition, but no actual physical fighting
foreign policy
dictates how a country will act in relation to other nations
Iron Curtain
the boundary that separated the Warsaw Pact countries from the NATO countries physically and idealogically
Marshall Plan
the recovery plan created by George Marshall to help build up the European countries after WWII so they could get prevent communism (17 billion dollars over 4 years)
Truman Doctrine
President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism
George Kennan
a diplomat who created the Policy of Containment
Containment
George Kennan did not want the Soviets to expand their power, but didn't want to go to war, so he wanted to keep everything the way it is (to contain communism within its borders)
Berlin Airlift
cargo planes delivered all food, fuel, and other essential goods to the people living in West Berlin
NATO
(North Atlantic Treaty Organization) formed to defend Western Europe against the Soviet Union (a military alliance for collective security)
Warsaw Pact
the alliance between the Soviet Union and the communist Eastern European countries
Red China
Communist China" that covered much of eastern Asia
Mao Zedong
founder of the People's Republic of China and he was very communist
Chiang Kai-shek
General and leader of Nationalist China after 1925 and he became a military dictator whose major goal was to crush the communist movement led by Mao Zedong
Korean War
The conflict between Communist North Korea and Non-Communist South Korea. The United Nations (led by the United States) helped South Korea.
disengagement
The US took itself out of the Korean War
Douglas McArthur
the commander of the U.N forces in Korea who wanted to expand the Korean War into China, and was then fired by Truman for not going along with the foreign policy
38th Parallel
line of latitude that separated North and South Korea
Eastern European Corridor
...
Josef Stalin vs. Harry Truman
Stalin wants communism and Truman wants nationalism
brinksmanship
The principle of not backing down in a crisis, even if it meant taking the country to the brink of war which was the policy for both the US and the USSR
Red Scare
Intense fear of communism and other politically radical ideas
Nikita Khrushchev
He served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, following the death of Joseph Stalin, and was responsible for the De-Stalinization of the USSR
sputnik
The world's first space satellite which meant the Soviet Union had a missile powerful enough to reach the US
Atlantic Charter
(1941) pledge signed by US president FDR and British prime minister Winston Churchill not to acquire new territory as a result of WWII and to work for peace after the war
Yalta Agreement
a meeting after World War II between the US, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union to figure out the different occupations of Germany
HUAC
(House Un- American Committee) that investigated communist influence inside and outside the US government
Alger Hiss
A former State Department official who was accused of being a Communist spy and was convicted of perjury
Richard Nixon
He tried to catch Alger Hiss who was accused of being a Communist agent in the 1930's. This brought Nixon to the attention of the American public. In 1956 he was Eisenhower's Vice-President.
Senator Joseph McCarthy
The Wisconsin senator who claimed to have list of communists in American gov't, but no credible evidence. He took advantage of the fears people had of communism to become incredibly influential
Black lists
lists of suspected ratical union members which employees gave to each other to keep them from being hired
Hot wars
military action is used (the Korean War)
Who is ultimately responsible for the start of the Cold War?
Josef Stalin: he refused to take his troops out of eastern Europe after WWII
The main reasons for the start of the Cold War
1) Americans fear of communism
2)the Sputnik
3)Stalin refused to take his troops out of eastern Europe after WWII
Can an idealogical war be more dangerous than a physical war?
Yes, b/c it can causes different types of problems, and much crazyness. People became more overly obsessed, which affected many people's lives in a negative way.
Why was the Cold War so tense when the two superpowers were never actually involved in a "Hot War"?
nuclear weapons were just developed and such strong ideas and the influence on other countries
Did the United States "win" the Cold War or did the Soviet Union "lose" it?
won, b/c there is no more communism in europe, there is only very little scattered around the world
Why did George Kennan think that containment would work against Soviet Soviet expansion?
he thought if he provided aid to countries that were suffering econommically and might soon have to go into the soviet union, he could build them up and therefore they could stand up against communism
What options besides containment might Truman have considered in response to Soviet expansion?
war or not getting involved
Why did North Korea cross the 38th Parallel and invade South Korea?
they wanted to make south korea like them
Why did the US intervene in Korea?
they were trying to prevent the spread of communism
Was the Korean War an international war or a Civil War?
civil war and internation considering other countries got invovled
Who won the Korean War?
no one it ended how it started
Were Americans correct in worrying that domestic communists endangered their security?
no, b/c America was still democratic, and they were being to overly suspicious, and charged to many people who were not even communists
How effective was McCarthy's campaign against communists in government?
he negatively effected many...people lost jobs
What is the proper balance between national security and civil liberties?
preserve constitution, and follow laws