What is the nature of an indentured servant?
Agreement between rich and poor in which the poor person would agree to be a servant to the rich in exchange for passing to America.
What caused African slaves to create a new culture in the Anericas?
Slaves kinship netwoek broken up, had to live and work with other slaves who had different language and culture. Developed a new kinship network and culture to fill the vacancy. Terms like aunt... were used with people who filled the gap caused by slavery
How did Northern slavery differ from Southern slavery?
North- very few slaves, held similar jobs to white, mostly assimulated to white culture.
South-became the majority in some areas-almost always worked with labor intensive crops very long hours, treated very poorly. Most slaves trated like machines-master
Describe the types of restrictions salves used to erbel against their owners?
Very few armed results (no access to guns or communication with other communities). Runaways more common-south-ran to Florida for sanctinary, or lived in the wilderness. North-blended with free blacks. Resistance-through working slowly, faking ignorance a
Describe the relationship between Britian and her colonies during the 1700s?
Much like that of a parent, child relationship, the colonies were dependent on England economically, and took much of their culture from England. After time, the colonies grew more distant, and strated acting more like independent colonies(much like a tee
Describe the style of rule in America. How does England both inspire American government and cause discontent at the same time?
American colonies used England as their example when setting up thier own local government. Most people believed England was the greatest country in the World, and wanted to be like them. Colonist also loved their freedom, and were upset when Britian trie
Describe salutary neglect. How might this policy backfire in England?
Salutary neglect is Britian's policy towards the American Colonies-it gives the colonies power to set up more self-rule government, as long as they kept paying taxes to England, and obery English authority. People naturally desire freedom, and will want m
How does mecantilism fit with the colonies?
mercantalism-country accumulate as much wealth as possible by exporting more than importing (to establish world power). America is ripe with natural resources, and serves as ready customers for finished goods. Lots of farm land in America (unlike Great Br
How is trade between Britian and the America uneven? Who is the most upset with this imbalance and why?
Navigation Acts- Britian forced colonists to only use English ships, ports,etc, so England could dominate trade with America. Middle class and poor in America upset with this becuase they dig deeper in debt while rick make money off trade and England beco
Why would an English trader who depends on the American colonies be upset with the Enlightenment movement?
People starting to talk about natural rights and having freedom from England; if so America would not be bound to trade laws set up by England aymore (laws mostly profit Britian).
Why do people agree to be indentured servants?
People could not afford to passage to start new life in America, escaping bad life.
Colonists' Political Heritage (Britian as a model)
Most colonists proud of being British; set up similar government in America. 2 house parliment (12 colonies mirror this). Monarch was teh Executive Branch (Colony's governor). Wealthy controlled land and political power and felt the commoners should have
Differences in Colonial Government
2/3 of colonists mew qualified to vote (owned enough land) compared to 1/4 of British men. Colonists elected leader's exercised more power than British elected leaders (and paid the Governors salery). Colonists resented any British power over thier electe
New taxes upset colonists
British Parilment decided the colonists should have to pay more for teh French/Indian War. Sugar Act-lowered tax on sugar, but started to strictly enforce collecting the new taxes. Quartering Act-colonists had to provide food and shelter for British soldi
Taxation without Representation
Colonists argued that Britian had no right to tax them without colonists having representation in British Parilment. Many saw British taxes as oppressive. British veiwed colonists complaints as "silly".
Colonial Protests Intensify (Enlightenment Ideas)
Colonists protested through writing, boycott, and some intimidation of British officials. Ideas of Locke and Montesquieu used to make aeguments against British rule (social contract). Patrick Henery wrote "Virginia Resolves" arguing Colonists rights).
Patriot leaders Emerge
Sons of Liberty: group of "patriots" who worked to join colonists together against Britian (led by samuel adams). "Patriots" used intimidation to drive all the tax collectors out of Boston and eventually all of the colonies (Tarring and Feathered).
Leaders Organize a boycott
nonimportant agreements were organized boycotts of all British goods to protest tax. "Daughters of LIberty"- group of women who homespun cloth to avoid British cloth. Boycotts worked, and British required the Stamp Act, but declared the right to collect f
New taxes lead to New Protests (Violence in Boston)
Townshed Act- put import tax on everyday goods to help pay British officials' salaries and Britians war debt. Colonists refused to pay any new taxes to Britian without representation. Boston Massacre- tension baiol over in Boston between young men and sol
Boston Tea Party
Colonists continue to boycott British Tea even after prices lowered below smuggled tea. Wealthy colonists who make money smuggling dressed as Native Americans and dumped British Tea into the harbor.
Colonists Unite Against Harsh Measures (Intolerable Acts)
Coercive Acts- passed by Britian to punish Boston. Colonists name them Intolerable Acts. British troops quartered in colonists homes. British who commited crimes in colonies were tried back in Britian. Closed Boston's port until all damages paid. Rural Ma
Colonies Take Action)
First continental congress-colonists net to discuss coercive Acts that would eventually threathen all colonies. Organized boycotts of all British goods and included many more people (poor) to strenghten their number. John Adams one of the first to suggest
Where was the first battle of the revolutionary war faught? What prompted this battle? How did the American militia win this battle?
Small towns outside Boston (Lexignton and Concord). British soldiers sent out to confiscate American militia's weapons. Patriots won through guerrilla warfare. Shot heard-round the world-- everyone wants to known what will happen next.
What did the 2nd Continental Congress agree to do? What is Vrginia's early role in the war?
Decided to join together to fight the British in response to unfair taxes. Virginia joins and names George Washigton commander of the Continental Army
What is a loyalists, and what argument did htey present to patriots? Name three things they feared about the patriots?
Loyalists: American colonist who chose to remain loyal to Britian. Argued that Britian was to powerful to defeat. Opposed taxes demanded by patriots, feared patriots would start to oppress minorities (ethnic and religious), military drafts, censorship (pr
Describe Thomas Paine's book, Common Snese. Why was it so influential?
contained enlightenment ideas of independence, and ideas of a republic. Wrote in simple language so everyone could understand denouncing British government for Americans' problems. Appealed to the common people, saying that they could hold the power in a
What two things does the Declaration of Independence do? Why do you think Thomas Jefferson was chosen to write the declaration? Why were some certain they had signed thier death certificate by signing this document?
List of grevences against the king. Explains why we need to be free. Jefferson was from Virginia and was well liked by people. They would have to be hanged for commiting treasin if they lose to Britian.
British Advantages
2/5 Americans either loyalists or slaves. Had money to continue fighting the War. Had well trained and equiped soldiers. Manufactering/ strogn central government.
Colonists Advantages
Defending thier homes. Fighting for personal freedom. Guerrilla warfare. Known the land and geography.
Explain the two British mistakes?
1. Continue to use traditional warefare against a smaller, more maneuverable enemy (Battle at Bunckerhill).
2. Misunderstand conflicts, Britian think that taking the capital will cause the patriots fightig to the end-They can win teh hearts and minds of t
Effect of George Washington on the War?
Equipment was low and continental Army kept losing little battles, but Washington kept morale high, by using strategic retreata and fristrating the British.
Difference between Total War and a Foreign Conflict?
Colonist get involved evey way (women had large rolls) They spared nothing to win. British were soldiers fighting for a pay check in a foreign land.
French Help
French send secrets and supplies to Americans and the openly allied with themafter victory, against the British (Battle at Saratoga).
What happened in the South to cause Britian to lose support and eventually all contol?
British were taking large cities, but patriots controlled countryside. British allowed loyalists militias to fight on their own and loyalists were suffering. Many colonists started supporting patriots because it seemed like they were winning British cause
What four factors contributed to teh success of the Partiots against a superior British military?
British make strategic mistakes, underestimate patriots. British did not understand the polotics (fighing for freedom). Patriots self motivated (George Washington). France kicked in on the Patriots side.
What critical role did the French play in the Battle of Yorktown?
French fleet of ships blocked British army from escaping so Cornwillis had to surrender. Due to lack of distance communication, this is all very lucky for America.
Explain the Terms of the Treaty of Paris
British recognize American independence. Gave up most of their land in North America to the USA. Americans dealt seperatly with Britian, angers the French.
How did the revolutionary war effect the loyalists?
Those who could not escape were refugees. Could not return home and had to settle in Canada.
How did the revolutionary war effect Native Americans?
British ignored Native Americans in the Treaty and left them as target of revenge. Americans push them to bad land or kill them.
How did the revolutionary war effect Women?
no rights. Won respect. They needed women to help them grow.
How did the revolutioary war effect Slaves?
ignored in new constitution which many believed hypercritical. North freed slaves, south feared letting them go. Depended on slave labor for economy.
What is the impact of the American Revolution around the world?
African Americans and women would repeat the Deceleration of Independence. French revolution (1789) inspired by American revolution, other European contries followed. Many moer Revolution based on democratic republic model in Latin America, Africa, and As
Western Expansion
Growth of the Colonies is both a curse and a blessing. Colonies becoming stronger (population and finiancially). Fathers dont have enough land to pass on to sons--too crowded. Scots-Irish and Germans move into central Pennsylvania. Others spreading North
Native American and French reaction
Native Americans continue suffering from diesases and war. Both Native Americans and French feel pressure from English. Contention between English and Native American/French over contol of Ohio River(valuable to trade and military strategy).
War breaks out-1754
Govenor of Virginia sen troops to secure upper Ohio River. Troops attacked small French scouting group killing 10. French surrond Virginia trrops, force surrender, and send them home embarrassed- Virigina commander=George Washington. Most Native Ameican a