Legal Tender Act
Lincoln signed in 1862, authorized $150 million in greenbacks. -Created a national currency and allowed the government to issue paper money (aka greenbacks).
Anaconda Plan
the Union (Northern) plan devised by General Winfield Scott to blockade the south and restrict its trade to win the war.
Emancipation Proclamation
(January 1, 1863) Lincoln issued it and freed all the slaves in the Confederate states, but slaves in Border States loyal to the Union remained enslaved. It only applied to states in rebellion (Confederate states). It led to slaves rebelling and joining t
Abraham Lincoln
� Union president
� Wanted to end slavery
� Issued the Emancipation Proclamation
� Wrote the Gettysburg Address
� Assassinated in 1865 by John Wilkes Booth in Ford's Theater
Jefferson Davis
� President of the Confederacy
� Wrote the letter to Robert Anderson telling him to surrender
Alexander Stephens
� Vice president of the Confederacy
James Mason & John Slidell
� Were sent to Europe as foreign ministers but were arrested by Charles Wilkes
� Part of the Trent Affair
Charles Wilkes
� Union captain of US warship San Jacinto
� Arrested James Mason and John Slidell when he intercepted the Trent
Robert E. Lee
� Left the Union army to be in the Confederacy because he was from the South
� Battle he fought in:
o Seven Days' Battle
o Second Bull Run
o Antietam
o Fredericksburg
o Chancellorsville
o Gettysburg
o Appomattox Courthouse
Militia Act
July 1862 act which gave Lincoln authority to call state militias (including drafted troops) into federal service
Irwin McDowell
� Union general
� Ordered the Union to retreat at the First Battle of Bull Run
� Battles he fought in:
o First Battle of Bull Run
P.G.T. Beauregard
� Confederate general
� Led the attack at the First Battle of Bull Run
� Battles he fought in:
o Ft. Sumter
o First Battle of Bull Run
o Shiloh
David G. Farragut
Commander of Union troops. Captures New Orleans, Baton Rouge, and Natchez which is really important for the Union.
Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson
� Confederate general
� Led the reinforcements that helped the Confederacy win the First Battle of Bull Run
� Battles he fought in:
o Bull Run
o Antietam
o Chancellorsville
During the battle of chancellorsville his own men accidently mortally wounded him.
Ulysses S. Grant
� Union general
� Captured two strategic forts (Henry and Donelson) in Tennessee in 1862
� Battles he fought in:
o Shiloh
o Vicksburg
o Chattanooga
o Appomattox Courthouse
Appointed commander in chief by Lincoln near end of the war.
Wilmer Rosencrans
Union. Led victory at Chattanooga.
George McClellan
� Union
� Was fired after the battle at Antietam
� Battles he fought in:
o Antietam
13th Amendment
January 31, 1865. Lincoln added this to the Constitution, banning slavery in the United States when he was reelected president and the Civil War ended.
Joseph Hooker
Union general. Fought in Chancellorsville and was attacked by Robert E. Lee's forces so he decided to retreat. Known for having the girls all around him at all times.
Ambrose Burnside
� Union
� Was responsible for Union losses at Fredericksburg VA
Known for his sideburns.
George Meade
Led the Union success at Gettysburg.
George E. Pickett
� Confederate general
� July 3, 1863 launched attack on Union forces at Cemetery Ridge
� Assault was called "Pickett's charge" and all of his men were virtually destroyed
� Battles he fought in:
o Gettysburg?
o Cemetery Ridge
William T. Sherman
� Union
� Was appointed commander of the West Union army by Grant
� Battles he fought in:
o Shiloh
o Vicksburg
o Chattanooga
o Atlanta & Savannah
Known for his "March to the Sea
Major Robert Anderson
� Union
fought in Ft. Sumter (Union lost)
Wilmer McLean
the Civil War started in his front yard and ended in his front parlor
Elisha Hunt Rhodes
- "Billy Yank"
- 19 years old
- Kept extensive diary of all 4 years of the war
- 2nd Rhode Island volunteers
Sam Watkins
- 21 years old
- "Johnny Reb"
- Also kept extensive diary
- Company H of Tennessee
one of the first Southerners to answer the call and joined the Confederate Army although he owned no slaves.
Sojourner Truth
United States abolitionist and feminist who was freed from slavery and became a leading advocate of the abolition of slavery and for the rights of women (1797-1883)
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin, a book about a slave who is treated badly, in 1852. The book persuaded more people, particularly Northerners, to become anti-slavery.
Rose Greenhow
female spy who entertained Union leaders in Washington, D.C.; caught and exiled to the South. She was smuggling things on a ship and forced off while she was trying to sneak away, but the boat sank. Her body was recovered and she was given a heroes burial
Elizabeth Van Lew "Crazy Beth
Considered one of the most affective spies for the Union. Contacted her former slave and convinced her to come back and be a Union spy but pretend to be a slave.
Julia Ward Howe
In 1861 wrote the lyrics to "Battle Hymn of the Republic", the most remembered song of the war.
Mary Ann "Mother" Bickerdyke
So many of the soldiers were looking for a motherly figure, and she filled that because she appeared on the battle field at midnight looking for wounded soldiers-- at Fort Donnellson. (Not many people went onto the battlefield.) Union nurse.
Louisa May Alcott
Union nurse. The author of "Little Women".
Clara Barton
At the Battle of Antietam and a soldier who she was treating was killed. "Angel of the battlefield". Founder of the Red Cross. Union nurse.
Elizabeth Blackwell
an abolitionist, women's rights activist, and the first female doctor in the United States
Susie King Taylor
most well-known ex-slave who served as a nurse, cook, and teacher to the troops and eventually married a soldier
Rosetta Wakeman
She was a woman who served in the war (Union). Wrote a letter about her life as a soldier. Went by Edwin Wakeman. Died of dysentery (diarrhea). Buried in a grave marked Edwin.
Sullivan Ballou
A man who writes love letters to his wife, and is then killed during the First Battle of Bull Run
John Wilkes Booth
United States actor and assassin of President Lincoln (1838-1865)
14th Amendment
Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws
15th Amendment
citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude
Confederate Ordnance Bureau
Southern Industry at the time of the Civil War:
Tredegar Iron Works in Richmond was making cannons, but there were no factories making gunpowder
This set up armories and foundries in Southern states and gunpowder mill in Georgia
United States Sanitary Commission
Prevented the spread of disease in camps. Created by Northern women. Found out where battles were going to be and arranged for supplies to be there. Trained nurses. Raised money to finance the war.
War Democrats
the name given to the faction of Democrats during the Civil War that patriotically supported the Lincoln administration
Peace Democrats/ Copperheads
The Democrats split into two factions over continuing the war. They wanted a constitutional convention to restore peace. The National Union Party coined the term "copperhead", as if they were snakes with treacherous plots.
habeas corpus
the right not to be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime
blockade runners
ships that slip past a blockade to deliver goods
cult of domesticity
the ideal woman was seen as a tender, self-sacrificing caregiver who provided a nest for her children and a peaceful refuge for her husband, social customs that restricted women to caring for the house
conscription
a military draft
hardtack
very hard unsalted biscuit or bread
bayonet
a knife that can be fixed to the end of a rifle and used as a weapon
conoidal bullet
cone-shaped bullet, accurate at greater ranges
war of attrition
A war based on wearing the other side down by constant attacks and heavy losses
defensive war of attrition
forcing the Union to spend its resources until it became tired of the war and agreed to negotiate
Trent Affair
In 1861 the Confederacy sent emissaries James Mason to Britain and John Slidell to France to lobby for recognition. A Union ship captured both men and took them to Boston as prisonners. The British were angry and Lincoln ordered their release
Battle of Bull Run/Manassas
1st major battle, proved war was going to be long and costly Union thought victory was inevitable and was shocked when they suffered defeat
Battle of Shiloh
Confederate forces suprised union troops & drove them across the Tennesee river; union got backup and won the battle but it was one of the most bloody battles in the civil war
Battle of Antietam
Civil War battle in which the North suceedeed in halting Lee's Confederate forces in Maryland. Was the bloodiest battle of the war resulting in 25,000 casualties
Battle of Fredericksburg
The Union, led by Major General Ambrose Burnside, was defeated and lost 12,000 men. General Robert E. Lee was the Confederate general who led in the defeat.
Battle of Chancellorsville
The Union was defeated again with the Confederacy being led by Robert E. Lee. General Thomas Stonewall Jackson was accidentally wounded here by one of his own men.
Battle of Gettysburg
July 1st-3rd, 1863. Turning point of the War that made it clear the North would win. 50,000 people died, and the South lost its chance to invade the North.
Battle of Vicksburg
Union gains control of Mississippi, confederacy split in two, Grant takes lead of Union armies, total war begins.
Surrender of the Confederacy
-Terms of surrender� Grant pardons Lee's soldiers, sends them home with their possessions, horses, 3 days of rations
� Officers allowed to keep sidearms
1864 Washington arsenal
23 women were killed in an explosion at a factory that made bullets. women were doing the dangerous and important work. Lincoln went to the funeral to honor their work.
Lincoln's assassination
1865, shot by John Wilkes Booth at Fords Theater.
Capital of the Confederacy
Richmond, VA
Capital of the Union
Washington D.C.
Tredegar Iron Works
located in Richmond, Virginia; was the only large factory in the south that made iron products
54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment
first all-black regiment in the Civil War
Gettysburg Address
a 3-minute address by Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War (November 19, 1963) at the dedication of a national cemetery on the site of the Battle of Gettysburg
Sherman's March to the Sea
sherman/ some 60000 troops set out to march across Georgia; burnt city and destroyed everything.
Advantages of the North over the South
1. Larger population
2. Better railroad system
3. More factories to make supplies
4. Had 75% of the nation's wealth
Why the Battle of Antietam was a turning point in the war.
It had convinced Lincoln that it was time for slavery to end in the South, the battle that brought on the Emancipation Proclamation.
Why the Battle of Gettysburg was a turning point in the war.
Turning point of the War that made it clear the North would win.
Roles of women in the civil war
Nurses, soldiers, spies
Reasoning behind the Emancipation Proclamation
To give the war a greater moral meaning, to give the soldiers a reason to fight (to make their sacrifices seem more worthy) fighting for a freedom for all people in the US
Political Significance of the Emancipation Proclamation
Important for 6 reasons:
1. Keeps Great Britain/France out of war; Britain will not recognize Confederacy, a slaveholding nation
2. Gives the war a greater meaning, moral issue (freeing salves) now a real cause to fight for
3. Allows for enlistment of bla
Reaction of the Confederacy to the Emancipation Proclamation
? Confederate Response
Any negro soldier caught taken in arms against Confederacy will be sent back to slavery
Any white officer captured commanding black soldiers will be killed
Any negro soldier captured in a Union uniform will be put to death
? Union a
The cost of the war
- Human: 620,000 soldiers dead; 535,000 wounded
- Economic: $20 billion spent between North and South
Weapons of the Civil War
- Rifle with long-range breech loading
- hand grenades
- land mines
- ironclad ships (Monitor and the Merrimack/Virginia)
Tactics of the war
- Trench warfare
- Total war= involves civilian population with the intention of destroying civilian and soldier morale (Sherman's March to the Sea)
Ft. Wagner Assault
involves the 54th Infantry Regiment (all black regiment), in the assault 16 of the African Americans received the Medal of Honor
April 12th, 1861�4:30 am.
Beginning of the war.
April 9th, 1865
End of war. At Appomattox courthouse.
1. Prevented spread of disease
2. trained nurses.
3. Raised money for the war
United States Sanitary Commission
1. nurses (Clara Barton)
2. soldiers (Rosetta Wakeman)
3. spies (Rose Greenhow)
Roles of women in the war.
1. Keeps great britain/france from getting in the war
2. Keeps moderates happy
3. Keeps the border states in the Union
4. Keeps abolitionists happy
5. gives the war a greater meaning
Political Significance of the Emancipation Proclamation
1. Let them have their possessions, horses, and 3 days ration.
2. weren't punished for going against the Union
3. Let the officers keep their guns
Terms of Surrender
1. larger population
2. better railroad system
1. 7 military academies
2 advantages of North over South and 1 advantage of South over North