Treaty of Paris, 1763
Ended the French and Indian war. Signed on Feb. 10, 1763 by Great Britain, France, and Spain with Portugal
Proclamation of 1763
Great Britain fought with France-France lost so GB expanded their land. Purpose was to organize GB's new N.A empire and to stabilize relations with native N.A through regulation of trade, settlement, and land purchases on western frontier
Locke: 2nd Treatise of Government
Stated if the govt. does something wrong the people would do something to change it
Declaration of Independence
Singed on July 4, 1776. Announced that the Thirteen Colonies were regarded as independent states
Lexington and Concord
Outmarked an open armed conflict between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies
Battle of Saratoga
The turning point of the American War of Independence
George Whitefield
English Angelican Priest who spread the Great Awakening through Britain and N.A British colonies
The Great Awakening (1st)
Religious revitalization movement that swept as Protestant through Europe and British America, leaving a permanent on American religion
Viginia & Kentucky Resolutions
Argued that the states had the right and duty to declare any acts of congress unconstitutional
Pickney's Treaty
Established an intentions friendship between US and Spain on Oct 27, 1795
James Madison
Known as the Father of Constitution for being the primary author of the constitution and Bill of Rights
John Marshall
The Chief of Justice whose opinios lay the basis of constituional laws and made the supreme court of the US along with the Legislative & Executive Branches
Tecumseh
N.A Leader of the Shawnee & a large tribal confederacy who opposed the US during the War of 1812
Embargo Act of 1807
Restricted American Ships from engaging in foreign trades between the years of 1807- 1812
War of 1812
War between the US and those of the Britian Empire. Declared for desire of NW territory and for other reasons
Credit Mobilier- 1868
Scandal involving a constitution and a finance company associated with building the Pacific Union Railroad
Interstate Commerce Act, 1887
Upset people because of high railroad rates (i.e farmers). Govt regulates interstate trade. Enforced Teddy Roosevelt
Trusts
Main producer of a product
John D. Rockefeller
Founder of Standard Oil Co.
Sherman Anti-Trust Act, 1890
Created to break up all monopolies
Eugene V. Debs
Socialist union leader. Favored Knights of Labor (union for unskilled and skilled workers)
Chinese Exclusion Act,1882
Chinese Laborers were not allowed to enter the US for 10 yrs
Gentlemen's Agreement 1907
Stated that Japan should stop the emigration of Japanese laborers and the US should stop descrimination against the Japanese living in the US
Whiskey Ring
Group of Revenue officers convicted during President Grant's administration. Kept money from excise tax
William "Big Boss" Tweed
Head of NY City democratic political machine. Managed to escape jail & fled country- In Spain Border, two guards recognized his face & supposed he was wanted for kidnapping. He was then extradited & returned to prison
Industrial Workers of the World (I.W.W)
Union led by William "Big Bill" Haywood. Welcomed Blacks, Radicals, and Socialists
American Federation of Labor
Founded by Samuel Gompers. Union opened only to skilled workers. Raised wages & shortened work week
Knights of Labor
Union opened to skilled and unskilled workers
W.E.B DuBois
Wanted to challenge Whites Socially and Economically. 1st Black person to get a PhD from Harvard. Thought Blacks should be more than farmers & teachers. Challenged Booker T. Washington [b/c Washington only wanted to challange White Socially]
Niagra Movement, 1905
A forerunner of NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People). Its manifest was "we want full man suffrage and we want it now..we are men and we are to be treated as men..and we shall win!" [words from W.E.B DeBois]
National Advancement for the Advancement of Colored People (N.A.A.C.P)
Created in 1909. Protected Blacks rights with the help of W.E.B DeBois
Theodore Roosevelt's Contributions (11st)
Expanded power of Executive branch. Shaped Progressive movement. Precurser of New Deal. Power of the US
Conservation
Set up wildlife and parks;148Million acres (same size of Germany)
Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906
Ingredients and processing techniques had to labeled onto the foods and medicine
Square Deal
Theodore Roosevelt's platform. Protected little people from big businesses
Henry Ford
Made car more affordable. $5 a day minimum wage. Hired handicapped and ex-convicts. To buid cars, he dropped car prices to under $300
William H. Taft (1909- 1913)
A Republican who assumed the presidency after Roosevelt; he defeated William J. Bryan. Attacked all Trusts. Sold land that was set aside by Roosevelt
Payne- Aldrich Tariff, 1909
Taft promised to lower tariffs but instead he raised them
Plessy v. Ferguson
Separate but Equal
Woodrow Wilson
1st Democrat to be president since Cleveland & Johnson. Believed in strong executive branch. Progressive President
Assimilation
Plan under which Native Americans would give up their beliefs and way of life & become part of the White culture
Populist Party
Based among poor, white, cotton farmers. Most important through 1892- 1896
Gibbons v. Ogden, 1824
Supreme court held that the power to regulate interstate commerce was granted to congress by the Commerce Clause of the US constitution
New Freedom
Wilson's platform. Attacked Triple Wall of Priviledge (Trusts, Tariffs, and Banking)
Monroe Doctrine
Introduced Dec. 2, 1823. Stated that if European countries attempt to colonize lands or states of the America's would be viewed as acts of agression
Second Great Awakening
Christian Revival movement durng early 19th century; Expressed Arminian theology
Indian Removal Act, 1830
Authorized the President [at the time Andrew Jackson] to grant unsettled lands west of the Mississippi River in exchange for indian lands within exiting state borders
Jacksonian Democracy
Political movemnt toward greater democracy for the common man; by Andrew Jackson & his supporters
Andrew Jackson
7th President of US. Destroyed National bank and relocated most indian tribes from Southeast to West for Miss. River
Election of 1824
John Quincy Adams became Pres. Federalists losing influence Demo- Rep. Party as National Political entity
Trial of Tears
Name given to relocation of Native Americans
Eli Whitney: Cotton Gin
Creator of Machine that separated seed from fiber [cotton fiber]
Henry Clay
Planter/ Statesman that represented Kentucky in Senate & House of Representatives. Served as Speaker and Sec. of State (1825- 1829)
Adams- Onis Treaty
Treaty b/w US and Spain in 1819. Spain gave Florida to US and set a boundary b/w US and New Spain
French and Indian War, 1754- 1763
War b/w Great Britain and France in North America. Erupted in world wide conflict known as Seven Years War
Missouri Compromise,1820
Created by Henry Clay. All states above 36' 30' line were free states except Missouri. Below line were slave states; Maine was freed
Louisina Purchase
Acquisition by US of France's claim to the territory of Louisiana in 1803
Pendelton Act, 1883
Merit system used for civil service jobs; exams
Jay's Treaty
Treaty b/w US & Great Britain that is credited to avoid war. Resolved remaining since the Treaty of Paris of 1783
Alien and Sedition Act
Four Bills passed in 1798 by Federalists in 5th US Congress during an undeclared naval war with France, known as Quasi- War
Judiciary Act of 1801
Represented an effort to solve an issue in the Supreme Cort during the arly 19th century
Treaty of Paris 1783
SIGNED on Sept. 3, 1783. Ratified by Conress of Confederation on Jan 14, 1784. Ended the American Revolutionary War b/w Great Britain & US
Articles of Confederation
1st written constitution or plan of govt of the US. Specified how the National Govt. was to operate
The Great Compromise
An agreement reached at the Philidelphia Convention of 1787 that largely decided the structure of the US Congress