Chapter 21

Thurgood Marshall

African American lawyer who led legal challenge against segregation

Brown v. Board of Education

Case in which court ruled segregated schools were unconstitutional

Rosa Parks

Woman who helped start Montgomery bus boycott

Dr. Martin Luther King. Jr

Leader of civil rights movement

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

Civil rights organization

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

Civil rights organization formed by students

sit-in

Protest tactic in which blacks occupied whites-only seats at lunch counters

Name two ways in which WWII helped set stage for civil rights movement

Shortage of white male workers opening up many new job for African Americans helped free Europe ready to fight their own freedom at home

What did Supreme Court rule about separate schools for white and blacks?

Unequal and thus unconstitutional

Name two places that African american targeted for racial discrimination

city buses and high schools

Name two people from whom Martin Luther King Jr drew his ideas

Henry David Thoreau and Mohandas Gandhi

Freedom rider

Civil rights activist who tried to end segregation on national buses

James Meredith

African American who won enrollment to all-white University of Mississippi

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Law that outlawed racial discrimination

Freedom Summer

Name of project to win voting rights for Southern blacks

Robert Moses

Leader of voting project in Mississippi

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Act that struck down state laws intended to keep blacks from voting

Name two ways government helped freedom riders

US marshals protected freedom riders and outlawed segregation in all interstate travel facilities

What was outcome of demonstrations in Birmingham?

Birmingham officials agreed to end segregation in city

Name two things the Civil Rights Act of 1964 did.

outlawed discrimination based on race, religion national origin and gender and gave government more power to push for school desegregation

Name two states where civil rights workers tried to register blacks to vote.

Mississippi and Alabama

De jure segregation

Segregation by law

De facto segregation

Segregation by custom or practice

Malcolm X

African-American leader

Nation of Islam

Group headed by Elijah Muhammad

Stokely Carmichael

Leader of Black Power movement

Black Power

Movement that stressed black pride

Black Panthers

African-American group founded to combat police brutality

Kerner Commission

Commission that reported on state of race relations in America.

Civil Rights Act of 1968

Act that banned discrimination in housing

Affirmative action

Program aimed at hiring or including minorities

Name two problems African Americans in North faced.

Poor schools and high unemployment

Name two new civil rights leaders.

Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael

Name two of nation's leaders killed in 1968

Martin Luther King Jr. and Senator Robert Kennedy

Name one goal civil rights movement achieved and one that remains.

Civil Rights movement achieved law banned discrimination in housing and problem was high unemployment for African Americans

boycott

To protest against something by refusing to buy or use it

discrimination

act of regarding someone as different due to various features, including race

oppression

The state of being kept down or treated poorly.

How did Montgomery Bus Boycott begin?

Begin with Montgomery resident Rosa Parks refused to give her seat to white man than Montgomery Bus Boycott organized yearlong boycott of city's bus system.

Describe Martin Luther King Jr's "soul force.

He based his ideas on teachings of several people and preached nonviolent resistance.

What was objective of freedom rides? of Freedom Summer?

Core testing Supreme Court ruling banned segregation on buses traveling national routes Civil Rights activists worked to gain voting rights for African Americans in South.

What did Malcolm X preach

views of Elijah Muhammad. Muhammad was head of Nation of Islam or Black Muslims

What challenges still face nation in area of civil rights?

based on race, religion, national origin and gender African Americans continue to face high unemployment whites continue to flee cities much of progress in school integregation has been reversed.