Basic Accounting Principles

Operating Expenses

Are the daily expenses incurred in the operation of a business

Gross Profit

Derived by subtracting the cost of goods sold from net sales and figures

Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)

In a non-government group of seven members

Fixed Expenses

Are expenses which are necessary, stable and occur regularly

Non-Operating Revenue

Is income which does not come from the primary goal of the business

Cash Flow

Is the amount of money which comes in and goes out of a business

Accounting

Is the recording, reporting and analysis of financial transactions according to accepted principles in order to provide meaningful financial information

Discretionary Expenses

Are expenses which are not necessary to daily operation of the business

Liquid Assets

Can be easily converted into cash; have a very low risk because prices are stable

Fixed Assets

Property which a firm owns long-term, will not be converted to cash for at least a year

Revenue

Represents the amount of money a business receives over a period of time

Assets

Are items of value which a company owns

Operating Revenue

Is income from sales or services based on the goal of the business

Net Income

Is the amount of money the business has earned after paying income taxes

Liabilities

Are the opposite of assets/ also known as obligations of one company to another

Income Tax

Required contribution for the support of a national, state or local government calculated based on income

Illiquid Assets

Are not able to be sold quickly; carry higher risk of losing

Total Expenses

Is a tabulation of all expenses incurred in running a business, exclusive of taxes or interest expense on interest income

Revenue Accounts

Help identify the source of revenue

Accounts Payable

Comprised of all short-term obligations owed to creditors, suppliers and other vendors, including materials acquired on credit

Depreciation

Measures the loss in value of an asset

Subledgers

Are divisions of the general ledger

Net Worth

Is the total value of a company or an individual

The Business Operating Cycle

Is the flow of transactions needed in business to complete a sale and collect the proceeds

Expense Accounts

Are specific for the expense they incur

Owner's Equity

Consists of the investment in the business as well as any retained earnings which are reinvested in the business

Notes Payable

Represent money owed on a collection cycle of one year or less, including bank notes and mortgage obligations

Profit & Loss Statement

Is a primary document of the general ledger

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)

Are detailed accounting principles, guidelines and rules used to prepare, present and report financial statements

Internal Accounting Controls

Are strategies used to monitor a business's resources