Sole Proprietorship
Business organization owned by one person. The owner is personally liable for all debts of the business.
Partnership
Business organization owned by two or more people. Each partner is personally liable for all debts of the business.
Corporation
A separate legal entity. Owners of corporations (stockholders) are not personally liable for debts of the corporation.
Sole proprietorships
72%
Organizational Forms: Majority of the businesses are ______________ at _______
Partnerships
4%
Organizational Forms: Least amount of businesses are ______________ at _______
Limited liability companies
____________________ is a hybrid business entity that has certain characteristics of both a corporation and a partnership or sole proprietorship (depending on how many owners there are).
accounting system
Most companies exist to earn profits for their stockholders. They earn profits by selling goods or services to customers for more than they cost to produce. To know just how successful a company is, the company will need to establish and maintain a good s
Accounting
Information system designed by an organization to capture (analyze, record, and summarize) the activities affecting its financial condition and performance and then report the results to decision makers, both inside and outside the organization.
Financial
Managerial
The accounting system produces two kinds of reports which are _________ and __________
Managerial accounting
________________ reports include detailed financial plans and continually updated reports about the operating performance of the company. These reports are made available only to the company's employees (internal users) so that they can make business deci
Financial accounting reports
_______________ (called financial statements) are prepared periodically to provide information to people not employed by the business. These external financial statement users are not given access to the detailed internal records of the company, so they r
basic accounting equation
One of the central concepts to understanding financial reports is that what a company owns must equal what a company owes to its creditors and stockholders. In accounting, there are special names for what a company owns (assets) and the claims on these it
separate entity assumption
The business itself, not the stockholders who own the business, is viewed as owning the assets and owing the liabilities. This is called the _______________, which requires that a business's financial reports include only the activities of the business an
Assets
Liabilities + Stockholders' Equity = _____________ which are economic resources presently controlled by the company that have measurable value and are expected to benefit the company by producing cash inflows or reducing cash outflows in the future. Asset
Liabilities
__________ are measurable amounts that the company owes to creditors. If a company borrows from a bank, it would owe a liability called a note payable because banks require borrowers to sign a legal document called a note that describes details about the
Account Payable
The amount owed is called an _______________ because purchases made using credit are said to be "on account." As you may have noticed, anything with the word payable in its name is considered a liability.
note payable
If a company borrows from a bank, it would owe a liability called a ____________ because banks require borrowers to sign a legal document called a note that describes details about the company's promise to repay the bank. The business is likely to owe sup
Stockholders' equity
____________ represents the owners' claims on the business. These claims arise for two reasons.
1. First, the owners have a claim on amounts they contributed directly to the company in exchange for its stock (Common Stock).
2. Second, the owners have a cl
Common Stock
The first reason why claims arise for stockholders equity is: the owners have a claim on amounts they contributed directly to the company in exchange for its stock, _________________
Retained Earnings
The second reason why claims arise for stockholders equity is: the owners have a claim on amounts the company has earned through profitable business operations, _________________________
Revenue
_____________ - Expenses = Net Income: it is the sales of goods or services to customers. They are measured at the amount the business charges the customer.
Expenses
Revenues - _____________ = Net Income: they are the costs of business necessary to earn revenues, including wages to employees, advertising, insurance, utilities, and supplies used in the office.
Net income
Revenue - expenses = ______________: which is equal to revenues minus expenses. By generating net income, a company increases its stockholders' equity. Net income can either be left in the company to accumulate (called retained earnings) or paid out to th
Net income can either be left in the company to accumulate (called _________________) or paid out to the company's stockholders for their own personal use (called dividends).
retained earnings
Net income can either be left in the company to accumulate (called retained earnings) or paid out to the company's stockholders for their own personal use (called ____________).
dividends
net loss
If revenues are less than expenses, the business would have a ________.
financial statements
Assets, liabilities, stockholders' equity, revenues, expenses, and dividends appear in different reports in the _____________.
The term ________________ refers to four accounting reports, typically prepared in the following order:
1.Income Statement
2.Statement of Retained Earnings
3.Balance Sheet
4.Statement of Cash Flows
financial statements
Companies are allowed to choose a calendar or _________-end. A calendar year is a 12-month period ending on December 31, and a ________ is a 12-month period ending on a day other than December 31.
fiscal year
Companies are allowed to choose a _________ or fiscal year-end. A _________ year is a 12-month period ending on December 31, and a fiscal year is a 12-month period ending on a day other than December 31.
calendar
Financial statements
______________ can be prepared at any time during the year, although they are most commonly prepared monthly, every three months (quarterly reports), and at the end of the year (annual reports).
income statement
The purpose of the _____________ is to report the amount of revenues less expenses for a period of time. For SonicGateway, revenues are earned from selling apps to customers. Expenses are the costs incurred during the period to earn the revenue. The _____
unit of measure assumption
The ________________ states that results of business activities should be reported in an appropriate monetary unit, which in the United States is the U.S. dollar.
heading
The _________ of every report answers three questions: who (name of the business), what (title of the report), and when (accounting period).
statement of retained earnings
The _______________________ reports the way that net income and the distribution of dividends affected the financial position of the company during the period. A more comprehensive statement of stockholders' equity that explains changes in all stockholder
balance sheet
The _____________'s purpose is to report the amount of a business's assets, liabilities, and stockholders' equity at a specific point in time. Think of the balance sheet as a picture or screen capture of SonicGateway's resources and claims to resources at
liquidity
liabilities
Assets are listed in order of ___________, that is, how quickly they are used up or converted into cash. Likewise, ___________s are listed in order of how soon each is to be paid or settled.
the resources (assets) equal the claims to the resources (liabilities and stockholders' equity).
The balance sheet "balances" because __________________
What a business owns is _______
(assets).
What it owes to creditors is ___________
(liabilities).
What is left over for the owners of the company's stock is ________
(stockholders' equity).
_____________________________________________ Summarizes how a business's operating, investing, and financing activities caused its cash balance to change over a particular period of time.
The Statement of Cash Flows
statement of cash flows
The fourth financial report of interest to external users is the _______________________. It includes only those activities that result in cash changing hands.
Operating Activities, Investing Activities and Financing Activities.
The statement of cash flows is divided into three types of activities: ____________
Operating activities
_______________ are directly related to running the business to earn profit. They include selling apps and services, paying employee wages, buying advertising, renting a building, obtaining insurance coverage, and so on.
Investing activities
_________________ involve buying and selling productive resources with long lives (such as buildings, land, equipment, and software), purchasing investments, and lending to others.
Financing activities
_____________________ include any borrowing from banks, repaying bank loans, receiving cash from stockholders for company stock, and paying dividends to stockholders.
The four basic financial statements are not complete without ______ to help financial statement users understand how the amounts were derived and what other information may affect their decisions
notes
Net income from the income statement
_________________ is a component in determining ending Retained Earnings on the Statement of Retained Earnings.
ending retained earnings balance for the period
The _______________________________is also reported on the balance sheet. If we did not report the ending retained earnings balance on the balance sheet, our balance sheet would not balance. So the statement of retained earnings must be prepared before th
ending Cash reported on the statement of cash flows.
The Cash on the balance sheet is equal to the _________________________________
find this information on the statement of cash flows.
Here is how creditors and investors use financial statements: Is the company generating enough cash to make payments on its loans? Creditors will ______________________________________
Is the company generating enough cash to make payments on its loans?
Here is how creditors and investors use financial statements: Creditors are mainly interested in assessing two things:
its liabilities
Here is how creditors and investors use financial statements: Does the company have enough assets to cover __________?
comparing assets and liabilities reported.
Here is how creditors and investors use financial statements: Does the company have enough assets to cover its liabilities? Creditors will find this information on the balance sheet by _________________________________
Investors
Here is how creditors and investors use financial statements: ___________ expect a return on their contributions to a company. The return may be immediate (through dividends) or long-term (through selling stock certificates at a price higher than their or
income statement (and statement of retained earnings) for information about the company's ability to generate profits (and distribute dividends).
Here is how creditors and investors use financial statements: Investors expect a return on their contributions to a company. The return may be immediate (through dividends) or long-term (through selling stock certificates at a price higher than their orig
External Financial Reporting: The main goal of external financial reporting is to _________________________________________
ensure companies produce financial information that is useful to present and potential investors, lenders, and other creditors in making decisions in their capacity as capital providers.
External Financial Reporting: For financial information to be judged useful, it must be __________________________________________
relevant and a faithful representation. Information is relevant if it makes a difference in decision making and it is a faithful representation if it fully depicts the economic substance of business activities.
External Financial Reporting: The usefulness of financial information is enhanced when it is ______________________________________
comparable (to prior periods and other companies), verifiable, timely, and understandable.
Luca Pacioli.
The system of financial statement reporting in use today has a long history�all the way back to a publication in 1494 by an Italian monk and mathematician, __________________
primary responsibility for setting the underlying rules of accounting.
Currently, in the United States, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has the _________________________________
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, or GAAP for short (pronounced like the name of the clothing store)
As a group, these underlying rules of accounting are called ________________________________. The accounting rules in the United States are similar, for the most part, to those used elsewhere in the world, but some important differences exist.
International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS for short.
The accounting rules in the United States are similar, for the most part, to those used elsewhere in the world, but some important differences exist. The FASB is working alongside the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) to eliminate these diff
Accounting Standards Board (IASB)
The FASB is working alongside the International _______________________ to eliminate these differences.
the standards of conduct for judging right from wrong, honest from dishonest, and fair from unfair.
Ethical Conduct: Ethics refers to __________________________
unethical and illegal
Ethical Conduct: Intentional financial misreporting is both _____________________
all its members to adhere to a Code of Professional Conduct.
Ethical Conduct: As you will see throughout this course, some accounting and business issues have clear answers that are either right or wrong. However, many situations require accountants, auditors, and managers to weigh the pros and cons of alternatives
Identify who will benefit from the situation (often the manager or employee) and how others will be harmed (other employees, the company's reputation, owners, creditors, and the public in general).
Ethical Conduct: Not all ethical dilemmas are clear-cut. Some situations will require you to weigh one moral principle (e.g., honesty) against another (e.g., loyalty). When faced with an ethical dilemma, you should follow a three-step process:
1._________
Identify the alternative courses of action.
Ethical Conduct: Not all ethical dilemmas are clear-cut. Some situations will require you to weigh one moral principle (e.g., honesty) against another (e.g., loyalty). When faced with an ethical dilemma, you should follow a three-step process:
1.Identify
Choose the alternative that is the most ethical �and that you would be proud to have reported in the news.
Ethical Conduct: Not all ethical dilemmas are clear-cut. Some situations will require you to weigh one moral principle (e.g., honesty) against another (e.g., loyalty). When faced with an ethical dilemma, you should follow a three-step process:
1. Identify
to land a dream job, whether you hope to work in production and operations management, human resources, finance, or marketing.
Accounting knowledge can make the difference in your ability ______________________________
it provides valuable information for people in these positions to make day to day decisions
Accounting knowledge is not just for Accountants. Accounting knowledge is vital to other positions as _____________________________________________________. Such as a Customer Business Developer with Procter & Gamble will need to collaborate with the acco
Partnerships and sole proprietorships
Owners have unlimited liability
Corporations
income is taxed twice
partherships
legal liability is the responsibility of two or more owners
make a profit
The primary goal of most companies is to _________
corporation characteristics
It can raise large amounts of capital more easily than sole proprietorships and partnerships. it also pays federal income taxes on its income.
stock
A _______ certificate is a legal document representing ownership in a corporation.
operating
On the statement of cash flow, ________ appears first.
investing
On the statement of cash flow, ________ appears second.
financing
On the statement of cash flow, ________ appears third.
balance sheets, income statement, statement of cash flows and statement of retained earnings all appear the ___________
financial statement
(Income Statement)Revenues
On the income statement, __________ is first in order.
(Income Statement)Expenses(highest to lowest)
On the income statement, __________ is second in order.
(Income Statement)Net Income
On the income statement, __________ is third in order.
Definitions: income statement
Definitions: Reports the financial performance of business during the current accounting period.
Definitions: Statement of retained earnings
Definitions: Reports the accumulation of profits kept by the business during the current accounting period with that of prior periods.
Definitions: Balance Sheet
Definitions: reports the financial position of the business at a point in time.
Definitions: Statement of Cash flows
Definitions: Reports the operating, investing and financing activities effect on cash.
A net loss will _______
decrease retained earnings.
Net income equals ______________
revenue minus expenses
Dividends, ending balance of retained earnings and net income
_____________________ appears on the statement of retained earnings
expenses
Wages and supplies expenses are examples of __________.
Definitions: Accounts
Definitions: _________________ are used to accumulate and report the effects of each different business activity separately rather than combining the various types of activities.
50
30
Over Armour Inc. sold 5 shirts that cost $6 each to its customer for $10 each. Total Revenues equal $__ and the expense equals $__.
The name of the business, "at December 31, 2015" & "The title 'balance sheet'
The heading of a balance sheet might include _______________________.
1.Retained earnings, Sept. 1
2. Net Income
3. Dividends
4.Retained earnings, Sept. 30
A statement of retained earning would following in the order of _____________________.
supplies
Financial statement reports: ________ would appear on the balance sheet.
supplies expense
Financial statement reports: ______ would appear on the income statement.
Cash paid for supplies
Financial statement reports: _______ would appear on the Statement of cash flows.
20000
At December 31, Equate, Inc.'s assets equal $50,000 and liabilities equal $30,000. Stockholders' equity must equal $____.
earned by selling goods or services to customers
Definitions: Revenues are ____________.
Revenues and expenses
____________________ would appear on the financial income statement report.
true
True or False:
-Equipment is furniture or machinery that can be used for years.
-Supplies are assets that can be used in the process of earning revenue in the near future.
false
True or False:
-Supplies are assets, but equipment is a liability
-Supplies are purchased from suppliers, while equipment is donated by stockholders.
Operating, Investing & financing activities
___________________ are types of activities found on the statement of cash flow.
investing
Financial statement reports:_______ appear on the statement of cash flows.
Net income
Financial statement reports: _____ appear on the income statement.
investing activities
Financial statement reports: ______ appear on the statement of cash flows.
30
Over Armour Inc. sold 5 shirts that cost $6 each to its customer for $10 each. Over Armour Inc. should record a total of $__ as an expense for the cost of the goods sold.
increase
Net income, as opposed to a net loss, causes retained earnings to _________.
Stockholders' equity, cash, assets, liabilities & retained earnings
______________ are all reported on the balance sheet.
Pizza aroma
Mauricio, the owner of pizza aroma, inc., arranged for the business to borrow $25,000 from river bank. Which entity should show liability on its financial statements?
owned
owed
An asset is an amount ______, while a liability is an amount _____.
Cash, common stock & total stockholders' equity
An owner gives $5,000 cash to his company in exchange for stock. This will increase the company's ______.
account payable
Alpha Sold $2,000 of merchandise to Beta on Credit. Beta promised to pay for it next month. Beta will report a $2,000 ____.
assets, liabilities & stockholders' equity at a single point in time
A balance sheet shows _____________________.
receivable
accounts _______ is an asset on the balance sheet that reports the amounts owed by customers for sale or services provided on credit.
common stock and retained earnings
____________ are part of the stockholders' equity.
Accounts payable of $200 on its balance sheet
Ace electronics received $200 of copy paper from its supplier and promised to pay for it next month. ace should report __________.
Cash
Retained earnings
On a balance sheet ______ would be listed first and ________ would be listed last.
Financing
cash flows from ______ activities on the statement of cash flows the cash activity with stockholders and creditors such as banks.
notes payable, taxes payable, wages payable & accounts payable
____________ accounts are all liabilities.
relevance and faithful representation
___________ are characteristics that are needed in order for information to be useful.
$5,000
Ace electronics sold $5,000 of goods to customers of which $3,000 has been collected. using accrual accounting, Ace electronics should report revenues of __________.
financial statements
Cash is reported on the ___________.
may be prepared more than once a year and may have a fiscal year end other than December 31
Financial Statements ____________.
income statement and the statement of retained earnings
Net income appears both on the _______________.
generally accepted accounting
The underlying rules of accounting in the us are called ________________ principles.
relevant
Information that ALWAYS makes a difference in a decision is ________.
dividends.
Profits earned by a company that are paid to stockholders are called __________.
suppliers, government agencies, stockholders & customers
__________________ are all users of the financial statements.
Cash paid to buy equipment and build a new corporate headquaters
________________ are reported as cash flows from investing activities.
US Dollars
Liberty, Inc., A US company, sold merchandise to Belle, A French company, for 10,000 euros. In Liberty's US financial statements, this sale should be reported in ______.
balance sheet and statement of retained earnings
The ending retained earnings balance appears on the ______.
nothing about this trip
Mauricio, The Owner of pizza aroma, spend $2,500 of his own money to take his family to disney world. Pizza aroma's financial statement will report _______.
cash paid to suppliers, cash received from customers & cash paid to employees
_____________ are included in the operating activity second of the statement of cash flows
the buying and selling of productive resources such as land, buildings and equipment
Cash flows from investing activities on the statement of cash flows reports the cash activity from ____________________.
employees
Managerial accounting reports are used by the company's __________.
how financial statement amounts were derived and includes other information that may affect the users' decision
notes to the financial statements help users understand ___________________________.
public
private
A ________ accountant is contracted to provide advice to a variety of businesses where as a ______ accountant works as an employee for one business.
income statement and statement of retained earnings
The line item "net income" appears on the _______________.
-they are reported on the income statement
-expenses are the costs of doing business necessary to earn revenues
-revenues equal the amount of goods or services delivered to a customer
_______________ are all true about revenues and expenses.
directly related to running the business to earn profit
The operating activities section on the statement of cash flows reports the activities ___________.
-choosing the alternative that is most ethical
-identifying who will be affected by the situation
-identifying and evaluating the alternative courses of action
When faced with an ethical dilemma, you should follow a 3-step process that includes: ______________________.