patterns
products
You can use ____ to identify kinds of chemical reactions and to predict the______ of the chemical reactions.
combine
Synthesis reactions ______ substances.
synthesis reaction
_____ _____ is a reaction in which TWO or MORE substances combine to form a new compound.
A + B --AB
The general form of a synthesis reaction is
example: 2Na +Cl2---2NaCl
break
Decomposition reactions _____ substances apart
decomposition reaction
A reaction in which a single compound breaks down to form TWO or MORE simple substances.
AB---A + B
Decomposition reactions have the general form:
EXAMPLE: 2H2O--2H2+02
oxygen
Combustion reactions use ______ as a reactant.
combustion reaction
The reaction of an organic compound in which heat is released.
water
_____is a common product of combustion reactions.
oxygen
In combustion reactions, the products depend on the amount of _____ available for the reaction.
carbon dioxide
When there is NOT enough oxygen during a combustion reaction, fuels are NOT converted completely into ____________________.
trade
In single-displacement reactions, elements ______ places.
single-displacement
a reaction in which one element takes the place of another element in a compound.
reactive
In general, a more _______ element will take the place of a less reactive one.
alkali
AX + B----BX + A
All ____ metals and some other metals undergo similar single-displacement reactions with water.
Single-displacement reactions have the general form:
______________________
example: 3CuCl2 + 2Al----2AlCl3 + 3Cu
exchanged
In double-displacement reactions, ions appear to be ________ between compounds
ion
A charged atom
An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.
double-displacement
A reaction in which a gas, a solid precipitate, or a molecular compound forms from the apparent exchange of atoms of ions between TWO compounds
AX + BY----AY +BX
Double-displacement reactions have the general form______________
EXAMPLE: Pb(NO3)2 + K2CrO4---PbCrO4 + 2KNO3
...
Section 4
contact
Anything that increases ______ between particles will INCREASE the rate of reaction.
collide
For any reaction to occur, the particles of the reactants must ______ with one another.
faster
Most reactions go ______ at HIGHER temperatures.
larger
A ______ surface area SPEEDS up reactions.
concentration
Higher _____ of reactants react FASTER.
higher
Reactions are FASTER at _______________ pressure.
slowly
Massive, bulky molecules react more _________________
changed
A catalyst speeds up or slows down a reaction but is not ___________ by the reaction.
catalyst
substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
inhibitor
Substances that SLOW reactions.
A substance that slows down or stops a chemical reaction
faster
Catalysts are often used in industry to make reactions go __________________.
biological
Enzymes are _______ catalysts.
enzymes
A type of protein that speeds up metabolic reactions in plants and animals withOUT being permanently changed or destroyed.
Catalysts for chemical reactions in living things
controls
Each enzyme _____ one reaction or one set of similar reactions.
temperatures
Most enzymes are FRAGILE and stop working above certain ________________________.