What is a technique for organizing data into different groups for analysis?
Data Stratification
A decision-making activity is represented by a _____________ symbol in the detailed process map.
Diamond
The 5 Whys approach is a problem-solving technique.T or F
False
The X-Y matrix is a prioritization tool for the potential Xs based on the:
Team's collective opinions
Value stream mapping (VSM) does not include suppliers and customers. T or F
False
Lead time for a delivery process is the time elapsed between when a product is ordered and when the product:
Is delivered
The _________ of individual values can be a useful alternative to the histogram.
Dot plot
Process maps help in characterizing the functional relationships of various:
Inputs and Outputs
Data is important for gaining knowledge about:
Customer needs, Problems, Processes
The ratio and interval scale of data are linked to the___________ type of data.
Continuous
An operational definition is a clear, concise description of a parameter or variable of a process. T or F
True
What is not a focus of the FMEA approach?
Solving problems
Which of these is not continuous data?
Number of Students
What is the technique/process used in statistical analysis to get a small group of data to represent the whole population of data?
Sampling
A spaghetti diagram/plot is used to trace the movement of products, papers/documents, and people. T or F
True
The x-axis of a histogram contains the ______________scale of data.
Interval
The purpose of the Measure Phase is to identify the gap in process capability in order to meet a target or the Voice of the Customer (VOC). T or F
True
Which of the following is a high-level process map?
SIPOC
Value-added flow analysis helps with identifying:
Value added activities, non value added activities that are necessary, non value added activities that are not necessary
A data collection plan is used mostly to gather passive data. T or F
True
In a box plot, the interquartile range (IQR) contains _________ of data studied.
50%
If the data distribution is skewed, range is used to estimate variability of data. T or F
True
An uncontrolled or difficult-to-control variable that is identified in a fishbone diagram is known as:
Noise
The preferred measure of central tendency of skewed continuous data or ordinal data is:
Median
If one is checking measurements against a reference/standard, she is doing a(n) ___________ check.
Accuracy
A process is not stable if process data show any special cause variation. T or F
True
Process capability is assessed by comparing the Voice of the ___________ to the Voice of the ___________.
Process; Customer
The variation in the measured data set due to the way measurements are being taken is known as _______________ error.
Measurement
At a customer service center, total incoming calls = 10,000 during a month. Total dropped calls before they were answered = 1,333. What distribution is suitable for process capability estimation?
Binomial
The characteristics of the appropriate measure are sufficient, relevant, _______________, and contextual.
Representative
The short-term Z-score is 4.0 after a process improvement effort. What will the long-term Z-score be?
2.5
In the Six Sigma approach, the current process capability is the key output of the Measure Phase. T or F
True
The consistency in the inspection/review process can be measured by:
Attribute MSA
What method is used to know if the data is accurate and precise?
Measurement System Analysis
What term is used for the ability of a measurement system to detect small changes or granularity in the characteristics of a process?
Resolution and Discrimination
The following customer service time data are collected at a bank branch for 20 subgroups, for which there are 6 customers per subgroup. Overall mean = 2.5 min., and average range (R-bar) = 1.0 min. Upper and lower specification limits are 1.5 min and 4.0
True (Zl = (LSL - mean)/std. dev. Zu = (mean - USL)/std. dev. std. dev. = R-bar/d2 = 1.0/2.534 = 0.4 min (approx.) (d2 = 2.534 for subgroup size of 6) Zl = (1.5 - 2.5)/0.4 = 1.0/0.4 = -2.5, Probability = 0.621% Zu = (4 -2.5)/0.4 = 1.5/0.4 = 3.75, Probabil
A p-chart is used for _________ and a u-chart is for _______.
Defective data; Defect data
If Cpk upper (Cpu) = 2.0 and Cpk lower (Cpl) = 0.83, what can you conclude?
The process is not stable because Cpk is less than 1.33
Measurement system analysis also includes the environment. T or F
True
Attribute process capability is always assessed based on long-term data, as it requires ____________ samples to get a good estimate statistically.
So many
A data set is considered to be normal with a 95% confidence level if
The p-value is greater than .05
In attribute agreement analysis, the _________ is used to measure inter/intra-rater agreement.
Kappa statistic
The problem in accuracy, linearity, and/or stability result in the average of the data being below or above the true value. The distance between the average and true value is known as:
Bias
Measurement system analysis is used for continuous data only. T or F
False
For a normal distribution, the mean, median, and mode are same. If the mean is greater than the median, the distribution is:
Right Skewed
In measurement system analysis, precision can be divided into ___________ and _____________.
Repeatability; reproducibility
Attribute agreement analysis is different from measurement system analysis. T or F
False
For Cpk assessment, the process should be _________ and data must be _______.
Stable; normal
A distribution that best fits the process data is selected based on p-value. What distribution should be selected for process capability analysis with a confidence level of 95%? 1. Weibull distribution, p-value < 0.003 2. Lognormal distribution, p-value =
Lognormal (For lognormal distribution, p-value = 0.075 > 0.05 (?-risk). ?-risk = 1 - confidence level = 1 - 0.95 = 0.05.)
If % tolerance GR&R ? 10%, then the measurement system (MS) is:
Ideal (If the % tolerance GR&R ? 10%, then the MS is ideal. If the % tolerance GR&R = 10%-20%, then the MS is acceptable. If the % tolerance GR&R = 20%-30%, then the MS is marginal. If the % tolerance GR&R > 30%, then the MS is poor.)
What should you do first if the high variation in data is coming from the measurement system, assuming the equipment has no issue?
Retrain the operators
__________ distribution is the non-normal distribution for continuous data
Logonormal
Long-term process capability is subject to special cause variation only. T or F
False
The Cpk will be negative if the mean of a process output is:
Outside the customer specification limits