people exploit wild plants and animals of their territiroy for food
hunters and gatherers (foragers)
lack of social stratification, egalitarian and polythesitic
hunters and gatherers
most human groups started out in this group
hunters and gatherers
farming using labor and simple tools
horticulture
egalitarian (within group), more animals equal more wealth, vague leadership, labor is divided by sex, ancestor worship, and found within area unsuitable for other subsistence actvities
pastoralsim
most nomadic
pastoralsim
larger groups and essentially egalitarian (but require some formal organization)
horticulture
emphasis on the herding of animals
pastroalism
farming using animal or mechanical labor and complex technologies (like plows)
agriculture
greater control over plant and food sources and metallurgy
agriculture
most significant characteristic of agriculture
greater control over plant and food sources
extraction and working of natural metals
metallurgy
simplest
bands
based on kinship, no social stratification.
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