Who all included the three new groups of southerners to emerge?
Black Southerners: 4 million freed people now displaced.Land Owners: Lost their labor system, some lost their farms, many in debt.Poor Whites: Already had problems, but now had to compete for jobs with Black Southerners.
What is reconstruction referred to?
The period of time when the South was rebuilt as well as the federal government's program to rebuild it.
Term used to describe former slaves:
Freedmen.
What were four new freedoms for freedmen?
MovementOwnership of LandWorshipLearn
What was Lincoln's Reconstruction Plain titled & what all did it call for?
As early as 1863, Lincoln outlined his Ten Percent Plan for reconstruction. Under the plan, a southern state could form a new government after 10 percent of its voters swore an oath of loyalty to the United States. Lincoln's plan also offered amnesty, to confederates who swore loyalty to the union.
What was Congress's rival plan for reconstruction & what did it impose?
In 1864 Congress passed the Wade-Davis Bill. The bill required a majority of white men in each southern colony to swear loyalty.
What is a pocket veto?
A President doesn't sign a bill in time and the bill runs out.
What is the Freedmen's Bureau?
The Freedmen's Bureau provided food, clothing, and medical care to the former Confederate states. The bureau also set up schools for the freed slaves down South.
Who became the President shortly after President Lincoln's assassination & what was his first duty?
Andrew Johnson.To ratify / approve the 13th amendment - which banned slavery (servitude) throughout the nation.
What came after the south approved the 13th amendment?
The Black Codes - Forbade African Americans to vote, own guns, or serve on juries. In some states, African Americans were permitted to work only as servants or farm laborers.
What four major things did the black codes include?
CurfewsVagrant LawsLabor ContractsLand Restrictions
Who were the Radical Republicans?
Republicans who wanted to punish the former Confederate states for causing the Civil War.
What is the 14th Amendment?
Granted equal protection under the law (defined citizenship).
What was the period that followed the 14th Amendment?
Radical Reconstruction. It threw out any state governments that refused to ratify the 14th Amendment.
Why was Andrew Johnson impeached?
He violated the Tenure of Office Act & he didn't strongly support the Reconstruction Act.
What is the 15th Amendment?
Forbade any state from denying African Americans the right to vote because of their race.
What did the 15th Amendment give Black Men?
The Black Males Suffrage - The right to vote.
What is the term to describe the South after the Civil War:
The New South.
What was the most common job for Freedmen after the Civil War?
Sharecropping.
What is tenant farming?
Renting land for cash and keeping all the harvest.
Scalawags.
A derogatory term for white Southerners who supported Reconstruction following the Civil War.
Carpetbaggers.
Northerns traveled down south to make money rebuilding the South.
Who is Ulysses S. Grant?
General of the Union Army from 1864-1865. Later became 18th president of the U.S.A.
Who were the Ku Klux Klan?
The Ku Klux Klan was a secret society with people who wore white robes with hoods that hid their faces. They rode by the night and threatened blacks and their supporters.
Election of 1876?
Ended Reconstruction because neither candidate had an electoral majority. Hayes was elected, and then ended reconstruction as he secretly promised.
Electoral College:
In the US, a body of people representing the states of the US, who formally cast votes for the election of the president and vice president.
Disputed Vote:
An election of which the legality or validity of the result is challenged by the losing candidate.
What was the Compromise of 1877?
The South would recognize RutherfordB. Hayes as president and get if he removed the troops.
After the Compromise of 1877, what did the Southern states pass?
Polling taxes required voters to pay a fee every time they voted. Africans rarely had the money to pay the tax so they couldn't vote.
Literacy Tests:
These tests required voters to read and explain a difficult part of the Constitution. Since few Africans had an education and couldn't read, they were kept away from the polls.
Grandfather Clause:
If a voter's father or grandfather voted in an election the vote did not have to take the literacy test.
Another word for farming/agricultural society:
Agrarian Society.