Stage Fright
Anxiety over prospect of speaking in front of audience
Visualization
Picturing oneself giving successful presentation
Ethnocentrism
Believing one's group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures
Ethics
Deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs
Ethical Decisions
Weighing potential course of action against ethical standards
Name calling
Using language to defame, demean, degrade individuals or groups
Plagiarism
Presenting language, ideas of another as one's own
Global Plagiarism
Stealing from a single source, passing off as one's own
Patchwork Plagiarism
Stealing ideas, language from two or three different sources, passing off as one's own
Incremental Plagiarism
Failing to give credit for parts borrowed from other sources
Brainstorming
Generating ideas by free association
General Purpose
Broad goal of a speech
Power of Public Speaking
Way of making ideas publicImportant for careerImportant for civic engagement
Public Speaking and ConversationSimilarities -
Organize thoughts logicallyTailor message to audienceTell stories for maximum impactAdapt to feedback
Public Speaking and ConversationDifferences -
P.S. more highly structuredP.S. requires more formal languageP.S. requires different method of delivery
Reducing Speech Anxiety
Acquire experiencePrepare, prepare, prepareThink positivelyUse power of visualizationKnow most nervousness is not visibleDon't expect perfection
Critical Thinking
Focused, organized thinkingInvolves relationships among ideas, soundness of evidence, differences between fact and opinion
Speech Communication Process
SpeakerMessageChannelListenerFeedback
Ethical SpeakingGuidelines -
Make ethically sound goalsBe fully preparedBe honestAvoid name-calling and abusive languagePut principles into practice
Types of Plagiarism
GlobalPatchworkIncremental
Plagiarism and Internet
Cite sources when using internet materialsTake careful notes
Ethical Listening
Speechmaking is a two-way streetListeners have ethical obligations
Ethical Listening Guidelines -
Be courteous, attentiveAvoid prejudging a speakerMaintain free expression of ideas
Specific Purpose
Single infinitive phraseStates what speaker hopes to accomplish
Specific PurposeGuidelines -
Full infinitive phraseStatement, not questionAvoid figurative languageLimit to one distinct ideaAvoid being vague
Specific PurposeQuestions to ask -
Meet assignment?Accomplish in time allotted?Relevant to audience?Too trivial for audience?Too technical for audience?
Central Idea
One-sentence statementEncapsulates major idea of speech
Central IdeaGuidelines -
Express as full sentenceDon't express as questionAvoid figurative languageDon't be vague