What extra work was required for a series of photographs (i.e. shooting several portraits of someone) before the invention of roll film?
Each photograph had to be taken with a separate photographic plate (even dry plates), loaded individually between every exposure.
In your own words (about 20 to 40 words), what contribution did Edward Steichen make to the acceptance of photography as an art?
Edward Steichen worked to join a group of photographers together to show their artwork to the world. Later, he curated a show called, "The Family of Man" that exhibited the work of many prominent photographers.
Which chemical process offered the most advantages?
Wet Collodion
What main advantage did Daguerrotypes have over Callotypes?
They were much clearer and sharper.
What new advantage did electronic flash offer to photographers?
Photographers could now freeze motion more quickly than even the fastest shutter speeds can.
main difference between how a digital camera records light and how a traditional camera records light?
Digital cameras use sensors, while traditional cameras use light-senstive chemicals.
What is the output of the light sensor in a digital camera?
ones and zeros (data that is interpreted by a computer)
What is the role of the shutter on a camera?
to keep the light-sensitive chemicals or sensor from recording light until you decide to record some light
What does the viewfinder do?
shows you what the camera would capture if you were to open the shutter
How can you improve the clarity of your visual communication?
Apply principles of composition.
What is the general purpose of most pictures?
communication
What two things should you define before beginning a photoshoot?
what you want to capture and what you want to convey
What is one way to know whether the subject of your picture is clear?
Ask someone what they think the subject is. If their response matches your intent, the subject is clear.
What does it mean to fill the frame?
to make sure the subject takes up most of the space in the picture
How can you "approach the full possibilities" of photography?
Practice the composition guidelines introduced to you in this course. Try new things. Do not just take pictures thoughtlessly; plan out your compositions.
What does changing your viewpoint mean when you are at a photo shoot?
finding alternate angles that literally show a different side of the subject
How can a photographer clearly convey the subject of a picture?
Remove everything else from the frame.
best illustrates the concept of changing your viewpoint?
climbing a ladder and photographing your subject from above
To capture a scene of clouds, where should you generally put the horizon line?
low
Using the rule of thirds, where should the main point of focus be placed?
at one of the points of intersection of the third lines
where should the horizon line be placed if the subject is in the foreground?
high
describe the rule of thirds
Areas of interest should not be placed in the exact middle of the picture.
When would it be appropriate to break the rule of thirds?
whenever you are testing the limits of another photography concept, when the subject has a symmetry you want to emphasize, & when your picture is meant to inform, not necessarily be beautiful.
camera type with a larger view screen than MILC, DSLR, and mobile phone.
tablet
Which camera is best if you want the flexibility of using different lenses? and which camera is best for professionals.
DSLR
If you are going mountain biking and want to take video of your ride, which would be the best camera type to use?
GoPro
best describes the role of the memory buffer?
It allows the camera to shoot faster than it is able to write pictures to the memory card.
When you take a picture, what part of the camera first processes the information?
sensor
How many individual pixels are in a 10 megapixel picture?
10 million pixels
Where does picture information go directly after the sensor?
memory buffer
What is a camera without film called?
camera obscura
a good reason to shoot using the viewfinder instead of the LCD display?
You need to conserve battery life for a longer photo shoot.
a good reason to shoot using the LCD display instead of the viewfinder?
You are shooting with unfamiliar settings and need to see if the exposure is coming out right.
What is the main dial or command dial used for?
It serves multiple uses, dialing through camera settings and image playback.
What does the playback button do?
It shows on the LCD display the last picture (or other recent pictures) taken.
Where do the camera settings (aperture, ISO, and shutter speed) display?
on the display
Which mode tends to blur out the background?
portrait
Which of the basic modes would be best for photographing a ladybug or other insect?
macro
What is the main difference between basic modes and creative modes?
Basic modes allow changes to any of the settings; creative modes restrict what settings the camera can control.
Which mode is the best for learning to set your own settings?
manual
how does aperture priority mode work?
The camera automatically sets ISO and shutter speed, but it uses your setting for aperture.
describe a benefit of shooting a portrait with a 70 mm lens instead of a 35 mm lens?
The angle of view behind your subject is much narrower, potentially helping to emphasize the subject.
which focal length provides the widest angle; 18mm or 300mm
18mm
Which is better: optical zoom or digital zoom?
optical zoom
Which of the following describes an advantage of a prime lens?
They are typically cheaper, good-quality lenses.
How would you categorize a 100-300 mm lens?
a zooming, telephoto lens
Which of these photographers documented the struggles of life during the Great Depression of the late 1920s and 1930s?
Dorothea Lange
Which of these photographers encouraged exhibitions as a way to expand the relevance and reach of photography as an art?
Edward Steichen
Which of these lessons do we learn from Lewis Hine's photos of child laborers?
Pictures can direct people's attention to important issues.
Which of these statements best categorizes the photography of Henri Cartier-Bresson?
His portable camera made it possible to frequently be in the right place at the right time.
Which of these lessons do we learn from Richard Avedon's fashion photos?
Even though photos freeze motion in time, communicating motion can still be a really interesting tool in photography.
Which of these photographers helped show people what war was like?
Robert Capa
Which of these lessons do we learn from Robert Frank's pictures of American life?
Pictures can have a large impact on how audiences perceive the subject.
Say you are taking a picture of a flower, and you want to associate it with softness. Which type of line would you probably want to emphasize to make your message clear?
curved
Say you are committed to using natural light, but you want a warmer, yellow-orange color for a photo shoot you are planning. What could you do to achieve this?
Plan to take your pictures shortly before sunset.
A photographer takes a picture of her hand. In her picture, what fills the negative space?
the background
Which element of design is described by how an object would feel to touch?
texture
Which shape best conveys stability?
a rectangle lying down
How do you use leading lines effectively?
Place them so they guide the viewer's eye to focal points.
one of the best ways to create a sense of depth in your pictures?
Frame something in the foreground, middle ground, and background.
Which geometric shape best conveys a natural and informal feel?
circle
What is the typical effect of including repeating patterns in your pictures?
a strong sense of rhythm
what could you use as a general guideline for using the principle of scale?
Give the viewer a size comparison.
a way to balance having a large, dark object in the lower left of a picture?
Include many smaller dark objects on the right.
What would likely be the result if...?*The majority of your frame is filled with blue background.*Then, you place a bright orange object on the bottom-left intersection of thirds.
You will have created a focal point.
What principle of design is being broken if there are multiple conflicting messages in a single picture?
harmony
describe the principle of harmony
A variety of elements work together for a single purpose.
way to create a sense of scale in your pictures?
Place a familiar object in the scene next to the subject, like a coin or a person.
After a test shot, you see that you need a little more exposure.Which of the following is a good way to increase your exposure?
widen your aperture
whats largest f/2.5, f/5.6, or f/stop
f/2.6
What would be the effect of changing your ISO from 100 to 400?
Your exposure would increase, and the picture would be lighter.
Which of the following are ways you can adjust your exposure?
shutter speed, changing time or location for different lighting conditions, using external lighting, like a flash, ISO, aperture
Which of the following describes a good exposure?
a picture that has tones ranging from pure white to black
If you want to take a picture of distant mountains and a nearby tree, and you want each of these elements in focus.Will you need a wide or narrow aperture?
narrow
Would f/2 be considered a wide, medium, or narrow aperture?
wide
In addition to controlling, how much light enters the camera? And what does aperture control?
focal range
What does aperture mean?
opening
acceptable reasons to take grainy images?
You want a vintage feel and Recording the memory is more important than the quality of the picture.
What happens to pictures as ISO increases in low light?
They gain a grainy quality.
What happens to exposure when you decrease ISO from 400 to 200?
The sensor is half as sensitive, resulting in less exposure.
How can you intentionally add grain to your pictures?
Increase ISO, but balance it with faster shutter speeds and/or a narrower aperture.
What is the best way to know whether the images you are taking will be grainy?
Check them on a full screen.
a situation would you want a very quick shutter speed?
capturing a crisp picture of a basketball player dribbling
If you change shutter speed by one stop from 1/125 to 1/250, what could you do to your f/2.8 aperture to keep your exposure about the same?
Widen it to f/2.
When would you want to use a tripod to steady your camera?
when you are using very slow shutter speeds to capture the stars at night
What is the side effect of slow shutter speed?
motion blur
Which of the following terms would best describe the light that is filtered through clouds?
ambient light
Which of the following describes the main drawback of using natural light in photography?
It is somewhat difficult to control.
What is the source of all natural light?
stars (mostly sun)
Which of the following actions or camera settings will be necessary to take pictures at night using natural light?
setting the camera on a tripod
What is the role of the fill light in a standard studio lighting setup?
to soften the shadows created by the key light
What is the purpose of a test shot?
to check the lighting and camera settings for exposure
Which of these is an advantage of steadying the camera with your hands only?
You can quickly switch angles.
Which of these situations would be best for a monopod rather than handheld or a tripod?
photographing a swim meet (which can last several hours), but you need to be able to freeze quick action
What does each bar on the histogram represent?
the number of pixels that contain a specific value within a photo
accurate description of light metering?
measuring light to help the photographer determine camera settings for a good exposure
Learning to use camera settings can be difficult.Which of these practices can help you improve quickly?
taking pictures on auto, aperture priority, and shutter priority modes and checking to see what settings the camera chooses
In your own words (about 20 to 40 words), what contribution did William Eggleston make to the advancement of art photography?
William Eggleston brought much more attention to color photography as art. He focused primarily on color, more than the subject matter.
A shutter speed setting of 1/1000 will let in ______ light than 1/125
Less
An ISO setting of 100 is ______ sensitive to light than an ISO setting of 200.
Less
Which part on a camera controls subject movement?
Shutter
The difference in ISO setting between 800 and 3200 is
2 stops
Which shutter speed setting allows more light to enter the camera body?
1/2
Which part on a camera controls depth-of-field?
Aperture
Which ƒ stop setting will allow more light to enter the camera body?
ƒ/2.8
Which ƒ stop setting will create a more shallow depth of field?
ƒ/2.8
An aperture setting of f/5.6 will let in ______ light than f/4.0
Less
The difference in shutter speed between 1/125 and 1/1000 is
3 stops
Your light meter sets your shutter speed at 1/30 second and aperture at ƒ 22. You want to change your aperture to ƒ 11. Your new shutter speed will be ________.
1/125
Your light meter sets your shutter speed at 1/4 second and aperture at ƒ 16. You want to change your aperture to ƒ 2. Your new shutter speed will be ________.
1/250
Your light meter sets your shutter speed at 1/500 second and aperture at ƒ 2.8. You want to change your aperture to ƒ 16. Your new shutter speed will be ________.
1/15
Your light meter sets your shutter speed at 1/30 second and aperture at ƒ 32. You want to change your aperture to ƒ 5.6. Your new shutter speed will be ________.
1/1000
Your light meter sets your shutter speed at 1/4 second and aperture at ƒ 22. You want to change your aperture to ƒ 8. Your new shutter speed will be ________.
1/30
The difference in aperture setting between 2.8 and 8 is
3 stops
The mood or feeling of a picture is set by the _____ in the picture.
Color
Objects in a picture that have three dimensions are used as ______.
Form
A shape that is much longer than it is wide is called a _____.
Line
A perceived area of like value or color is called a ________.
Shape
How the area in a picture is divided is known as _________.
Space
The implied __________ in a photograph is determined by the value, or lights and darks, of certain shapes.
Texture
__________ is the artistic term for lights and darks.
Value
The rule of thirds provides three places in your picture to place the center of attention of your photograph.
False
A 200 mm lens is an example of a _________ lens.
Telephoto
A 28 mm lens is an example of a _________ lens.
Wide-angle
A 28-135mm lens is an example of a _________ lens.
Zoom
A 50mm lens is an example of a ____________ lens.
Normal
A lens used for close up photography.
Macro
________ is created by "visual" weights in an image.
Balance
When the viewer's attention is drawn to a certain part of a picture there is an __________.
Emphasis
Larger objects tend to appear close and small objects tend to be further away is an example of ______________.
Proportion
___________ directs the viewer's eye across similar, repeated elements.
Rhythm
When all the parts of a photograph are in visual agreement to the whole, it creates a sense of _________.
Unity
____________ is said to be the spice of life.
Variety
Related to texture, __________ is made by repetition of a design or element with a higher degree of regularity.
Pattern
There are only three types of balance. They are symmetrical, asymmetrical, and radial.
True
Positive space in a picture is also known as the subject.
True
A lens that has a focal length under 20 mm is known as a
Fish-eye lens
An S curve is an example of a line.
True
The diagonal line is usually known for its dynamics, energy, or movement.
True
Which part of the camera do you use to compose and focus an image?
Viewfinder
Existing light is the light that is brought by the photographer to the location of your photograph.
False
A lower ISO number requires ____________ light to properly expose a picture.
More
If your camera is set for 10 megapixels and you have an 8GB card, how many JPEG pictures can you expect to take?
2500
Neutral density filters let in more light. This makes it possible to use a faster shutter speed.
False
The purpose of a UV or haze filter is to filter out unwanted ultraviolet light.
True
A polarizing filter is placed on your lens and rotated to reduce glare from reflections.
True
The tones of a scene are changed into numbers by the __________________.
CCD
Higher ISO settings will give higher shutter speeds for action pictures, increase the range of a flash, and give better results when hand-holding low ambient light pictures.
True
Artificial light is used when perfect control over the lighting is not needed.
False
Two of the most common types of memory cards used in digital cameras are ___________ and ________________.
SD card and CF card
Put the steps in the correct order to tag a group of pictures with the same tag.
1. Single click the first picture in a group to be tagged. The blue border will appear around the selected picture.2. Place the cursor over the last picture to be tagged.3. Hold down the shift key while single clicking the last picture. All the pictures to be tagged with the same tag will now have the blue border.4. Left click and hold the desired tag and drag it over one of the selected pictures.5. All the pictures with the blue border will be tagged with the same tag.
After the edited image has been saved back to the organizer, the program will automatically exit the "Edit" part of Photoshop Elements.
False
When you want to save a picture after editing, you should always use the "Save As" function in the "File" dropdown menu.
False
The levels adjustment should be the first step in the editing process.
True
The zoom in/zoom out tool is used to enlarge a part of the picture so detail editing can be done more easily.
True
The magic wand is used to select an area of the picture to work on by clicking on the picture in the area that you want to select.
True
Tags should be applied as soon as possible after the pictures are loaded onto the computer so you can remember the details needed to apply proper tags to each picture.
True
The marquee tool can be used to do free hand selections of an area in a picture.
False
The shadow/highlight adjustment is better than the brightness adjustment slider to improve brightness because it allows you to control parts of the picture instead of the whole picture.
True
You only need one tag for a picture. If you use more than one tag on a picture, it will only create a mess when you are looking for pictures.
False
Applying tags to the pictures in your picture files is a nice thing to do if you have the time. It is not necessary because it is enjoyable to look through old pictures to find the few you need.
False
Auto contrast is the best way to make adjustments to the contrast in a picture.
False
The fixing camera distortion tool can be used to make a horizon line parallel to the top and bottom of a picture.
True
The lasso tool is used to select free-form areas that you may want to move or edit.
True
The clone stamp is a great tool for fixing flaws in a photograph.
False
After opening a version set for viewing you must close it before you begin to work on another image or exit the program.
False
The first step in the editing process should be the cropping of the picture. This will make it so you only edit the part of the picture you are keeping.
False
The option to change the file name is up to you as the photographer.
True
In the format window you must make sure it says "JPEG (*JPEG.JPEG.JPE).
True