rhetorical question
a question that the audience answers mentally rather than out loud
credibility
the audience's perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak a on given topic
goodwill
the audience's perception of whether the speaker has the best interest of the audience in mind
preview statement
a statement in the introduction of the speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body of the speech
crescendo ending
a conclusion in which the speech builds to a zenith of power and intensityEX. (Jaws theme music... dada, dada, dadadadadadadaDAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA!)
dissolve ending
a conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step-by-step to a dramatic final statement
Introduction purposes
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getting attention and interest
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opening with a question/startling statement works best when
the (question/statement) is meaningful to the audience and firmly related to the content of the speech
preview the body of the speech
preview statements usually come at the very end of an introduction+ provide a smooth lead-in to the body of the speech*cover definitions/background that your listeners will need to follow and understand the rest of your speech
Tips for preparing the introduction
1. keep the intro. relatively brief (10-20% of speech) 2. be on the lookout for possible introductory materials as you research 3. be creative in devising your introduction (make 2-3 possible intros and choose) 4. don't worry about the exact wording of your introduction until you have finished preparing the body of the speech 5. work out the introduction in detail *getting you speech off to a good start can lead to a boost of confidence
The conclusion purposes
-to let the audience know you are ending you speech-to reinforce the audience's understanding of, or commitment to, the central idea
signal the end of the speech
Wording- "in conclusion", "in closing", "one last thought", etcManner of delivery- crescendo ending, dissolve ending
reinforce central idea
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Tips for preparing the Conclusion
1. keep an eye out for concluding material2. concluded with a bang, not a whimper3. don't be long-winded4. don't leave anything in your conclusion to chance