what were the origins of the protestant reformation? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
catholic church was extremely wealthy and corrupt and people started calling for reform
where was martin luther raised? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
germany
what did martin luther initially want to be?
lawyer
what is martin luther's first life changing event? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
caught in thunderstorm, asks God to spare him and in return will join a monastery
which order did martin luther belong to? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
aramite augustinians
what concept was martin luther obsessed with? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
salvation
what happens when martin luther makes a pilgrimage to rome? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
hes astounded by the corruption of the clergy
where does martin luther become a student and eventually a professor? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
university of wittenberg
what does martin luther come to believe about salvation and how is it different from what the catholic church teaches? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
salvation is a matter of faith rather than good works and faith
what did people often purchase from the catholic church during the time of martin luther? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
indulgence
what was the treasury of merits? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
the surplus of good works from Jesus, Mary and the saints
what could indulgences do? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
relieve your time in Purgatory or the time of a friend or relative
who was john tetzel? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
professional indulgence salesman
when does john tetzel arrive in wittenberg? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
fall of 1517
what was the money from tetzel's sales going to? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
construction of St. Peter's Basilica
how does luther feel about selling indulgences? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
completely opposed to it
what does luther do after john tetzel arrives in wittenburg? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
writes the 95 theses
what is the 95 theses? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
list of arguments indulgences and corruptions of church that calls for a debate of issues
where does luther post the 95 theses? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
castle church "community bulletin board
when does martin luther post the 95 theses? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
october 31, 1517
when is the 95 theses read by the general public? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
november 1, 1517
how does the 95 theses spread so fast? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
the printing press
what does the church order luther to do with the 95 theses? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
recant it
who founded the university of wittenberg? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
frederick the wise/prince frederick III (of saxony)
what does luther write after the church orders him to recant the 95 these? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
address to the christian nobility
in the holy roman war of religion what side does the south become? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
catholic
in the holy roman war of religion what side does the north become?(protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
lutheran
Who was the thirty years war between? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
Protestant germans and Catholic germans
What ends the thirty years war? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
Peace of Westphalia
Which German state emerges as the strongest after the thirty years war? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
Prussia
John Calvin says what is the only source of religious truth? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
The Bible
What was John Calvin's view of how salvation is attained? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
Predestination
What were french followers of Calvin called? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
Huguenots
What is the Protestant Church called in Netherlands? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
Dutch reformed church
What is the Protestant Church of Scotland? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
Presbyterian
What was the Protestant Church of England's? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
Anglican
Which pope set out to start the counter reformation? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
Pope Paul II
What council starts the counter reformation? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
Council of Trent
What is created during the counter reformation? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
Inquisition
What are the counter reformation? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
When the church set out to stop being corrupt
What was the Inquisition? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
Church court
What did Ignatius of Loyola do? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
Form the jesuits
What were the jesuits? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
Strict program for brothers
defining characteristics of the jesuits (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
Spiritual and moral discipline, religious training, absolute obedience to church
How did the counter reformation effect Protestants? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
Halted it
What were the witchcraft trails? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
Thousands executed for witchcraft
What type of people were accused of witchcraft? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
Women, poor
What were the forbidden books? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
Books the Catholic Church said good catholic couldn't read because they went against God
What was the Scientific Revolution? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
People started to turn to natural explanation rather than supernatural
Who was Nicolaus Copernicus? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
Created Heliocentric Theory
Who created the heliocentric theory? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
Nicolas Copernicus
What is the heliocentric theory? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
The sun is the center of the universe
What is the geocentric theory? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
Earth is the center of the universe
Who was Newton? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
He established the Laws of Gravity
Who formed the laws of gravity/motion? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
Sir Isaac Newton
Who was Sir Francis Bacon? (protestant reformation/scientific revolution)
British father of methodology
What are the steps of the scientific method?
Observation, experimentation, analyzation
Who fights in the war of roses? (Age of absolutism)
House of Lancaster vs house of York
What is the house of Lancaster represented by in the war of roses? (Age of absolutism)
Red rose
What is the house of York represented by in the war of roses? (Age of absolutism)
White rose
Who won the war of the roses? (Age of absolutism)
Lancaster
what happens at the battle of bosworth field? (Age of absolutism)
richard iii is defeated by henry tudor
what dynasty does henry viii belong to? (Age of absolutism)
tudor
who is henry viii's first wife and why does he marry her? (Age of absolutism)
catherine of aragon, to maintain the spanish british alliance
who is the only child of catherine of aragon and henry viii to survive? (Age of absolutism)
mary i
explain the great matter? (Age of absolutism)
henry viii asks pope clement viii for annulment, clement sides with spain and says no
what does the act of supremacy do? (Age of absolutism)
break England away from the catholic church and forms the Anglican church
what is thomas moore's opinion on the act of supremacy and what is the result of his opinion? (Age of absolutism)
opposes it, executed for treason
who replaces thomas moore? (Age of absolutism)
thomas cranmer
what was mary i also called? (Age of absolutism)
bloody mary
who was francis drake? (Age of absolutism)
leader or the sea dogs,
what does philip of spain want elizabeth i to do to francis drake? (Age of absolutism)
execute him
what does elizabeth i do to francis drake? (Age of absolutism)
knight him
what convinces philip of spain to attack england with the spanish armada? (Age of absolutism)
she knights francis drake
during the age of absolutism who had the best army in the world? (Age of absolutism)
spanish armada
why is england able to defeat the spanish armada? (Age of absolutism)
violent storm keeps them from getting into formation
what is the edict of nantes? (Age of absolutism)
allows for religious toleration in france
who issues the edict of nantes? (Age of absolutism)
henry iv
who was cardinal armand richelieu? (Age of absolutism)
chief minister while louis xiii is king
what was cardinal armand richelieu top priority? (Age of absolutism)
strengthen the power of the central government
who does cardinal armand richelieu attack? (Age of absolutism)
nobility and french huguenots
how long does louis xiv rule france? (Age of absolutism)
72 years
what did louis xiv of france strongly believe in? (Age of absolutism)
divine right
who does louis xiv appoint as finance minister of france? (Age of absolutism)
jean colbert
what major thing does louis xiv build? (Age of absolutism)
versailles palace
who revoked the edict of nantes? (Age of absolutism)
louis xiv
who fought in the war of spanish succession? (Age of absolutism)
france and rebels who didn't want france and spain to unite
what ends the war of spanish succession do? (Age of absolutism)
treaty of utrecht
what does the treaty of utrecht do? (Age of absolutism)
end the war of spanish succession
what is the tudor family credited with? (Age of absolutism)
creation of the anglican church, defeat of the spanish armada
who is the last monarch of the tudor family dynasty? (Age of absolutism)
elizabeth i
what family dynasty comes after the tudor dynasty? (Age of absolutism)
stuart dynasty
what was the stuarts relationship to the tudors? (Age of absolutism)
distant cousins
where did the stuart dynasty rule before they ruled england? (Age of absolutism)
scotland
who was the first stuart king of england? (Age of absolutism)
james i
king james I of england (Age of absolutism)
#NAME?
#NAME?
...
#NAME?
...
stuart king after james i? (Age of absolutism)
charles i
charles i of england (Age of absolutism)
#NAME?
#NAME?
...
-forced to sign petition of right but then doesn't convene parliament for 11 years
...
what was the petition of right? (Age of absolutism)
document that gave parliament a greater role in the government, signed by charles i
who did charles i appoint as the archbishop of canterbury? (Age of absolutism)
william laud
what happens to william laud? (Age of absolutism)
executed by parliament
what is long parliament? (Age of absolutism)
parliament that doesn't disband for 13 years
what begins the english civil war? (Age of absolutism)
execution of laud
what are supporters of the king in the english civil war called? (Age of absolutism)
cavaliers
what are supporters of the parliament in the english civil war called? (Age of absolutism)
roundheads
what is the new model army? (Age of absolutism)
puritan army against king
what leads the new model army? (Age of absolutism)
oliver cromwell
who wins the english civil war? (Age of absolutism)
roundheads (parliament)
what happens to charles i? (Age of absolutism)
executed by english people
what happens after the english civil war? (Age of absolutism)
cromwell takes over as the lord protector of the commonwealth
what happens in england during the commonwealth era as a result of cromwell's puritan beliefs? (Age of absolutism)
they shut down everything and england gets boring
why does cromwell invade ireland? (Age of absolutism)
he want persecute catholics
where does cromwell send catholic landowners in ireland? (Age of absolutism)
connacht
what do william and mary have to do before they assume the english throne? (Age of absolutism)
sign the english bill of rights
what is the english bill of rights? (Age of absolutism)
established important rights for citizens and gave parliament power of the purse
what happens in the glorious revolution? (Age of absolutism)
parliament tells james ii he has to leave or die,william and mary assume the throne of england
what was the age of enlightenment greatly influenced by? (Age of enlightenment)
scientific revolution