John Calvin
Swiss theologian (born in France) whose tenets (predestination and the irresistibility of grace and justification by faith) defined Presbyterianism (1509-1564)
Anne Hutchinson
American colonist (born in England) who was banished from Boston for her religious views (1591-1643)
Roger Williams
English clergyman and colonist who was expelled from Massachusetts for criticizing Puritanism
Henry Hudson
English navigator who discovered the Hudson River
The "elect
the name for the people who are the ones who God has chosen to save in predestination. This is the belief of the Calvinism religion and that only these people can be saved and ordinary people cannot earn salvation. This belief was started by John Calvin in 1536 in France when he published "Institutes of the Christian Religion" and is still the belief of Calvinists today.
Franchise
the right to sell a good or service within an exclusive market.
Patroonship
A vast Dutch feudal estates fronting the Hudson River in early 1600s. They were granted to promoters who agreed to settle 50 people on them.
Predestination
(theology) being determined in advance
Protestant Reformation
a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches
Commonwealth
a politically organized body of people under a single government
Glorious Revolution
the revolution against James II
Great Puritan Migration
Many Puritans migrated from England to North America during the 1620s to the 1640s due to belief that the Church of England was beyond reform. Ended in 1642 when King Charles I effectively shut off emigration to the colonies with the start of the English Civil War.
Calvinism
the theological system of John Calvin and his followers emphasizing omnipotence of God and salvation by grace alone
Mayflower Compact
This document was drafted in 1620 prior to settlement by the Pilgrims at Plymouth Bay in Massachusetts. It declared that the 41 males who signed it agreed to accept majority rule and participate in a government in the best interest of all members of the colony. This agreement set the precedent for later documents outlining commonwealth rule.
Massachusetts Bay Company
joint-stock company chartered by Charles I in 1629. It was controlled by Non-Separatists who took the charter with them to New England and, in effect, converted it into a written constitution for the colony.
West India Company
Trading with the Spice Islands and things west of India
Peter Stuyvesant
the last Dutch colonial administrator of New Netherland
William Laud
Archbishop of Canterbury under Charles I in England. He tried to force the Scottish to use the English Book of Common Prayer. He was later executed by Parliament during the English Civil War.
Thomas Hooker
Clergyman, one of the founders of Hartford. Called "the father of American democracy" because he said that people have a right to choose their magistrates.
William Penn
Englishman and Quaker who founded the colony of Pennsylvania (1644-1718)
doctrine of a calling
Puritan belief that they are responsible to do God's work on earth
visible saints
according to Puritans, only these individuals should be admitted to church membership
conversion
a spiritual enlightenment causing a person to lead a new life
Institutes of the Christian Religion
This was the work by John Calvin that described to the world the ideology of John Calvin
Navigation Laws
Promoted English shipping and control colonial trade; made Americans ship all non-British items to England before going to America
Pilgrims
English Puritans who founded Plymouth colony in 1620
Mayflower
the ship in which the Pilgrim Fathers sailed from England to Massachusetts in 1620
Puritans
Protestant sect in England hoping to "purify" the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization.
Separatists
People who wanted to have a separate, or different church. Also known as Pilgrims.
Dominion of New England
1686-The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros). Ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros
Fundamental Orders
document which established a regime democratically controlled by the substantial citizens of Hartford
General Court
a Puritan representative assembly elected by the freemen; they assisted the governor; this was the early form of Puritan democracy in the 1600's
Protestant Ethic
belief stressing hard work and self-discipline
Quakers
a Christian sect founded by George Fox about 1660
Bible
a book regarded as authoritative in its field
antinomianism
the theological doctrine that by faith and God's grace a Christian is freed from all laws (including the moral standards of the culture)
covenant
(Bible) an agreement between God and his people in which God makes certain promises and requires certain behavior from them in return
freeman
a person who is not a serf or a slave
Sir Edmund Andros
Governor of the Dominion of New England from 1686 until 1692, when the colonists rebelled and forced him to return to England
William Bradford
United States printer (born in England) whose press produced the first American prayer book and the New York City's first newspaper (1663-1752)
King Philip
English name for Metacon who forged an alliance among Indians to try to end the spread of English settlement
John Winthrop
1588-1649 First governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630.