What did anciient greeks call themselves?
Hellenes
The ancient greeks taught western men how to :
reason and think
Why were greeks drawn to the sea?
They lived on an infirtile and mountianous land
Trade with and nourished greek culure and brought prosperity
Egypt, Near East
The and seas are at a latitude which produces a moderate climate with more than 320 days of sunlight a year.
Medeterranian and Aegean
What were the 3 main exports?
Grain, olive oil and Grapes (wine)
Greeks loved:
theatre, marketplace, wharves, assembly and the gymnasium
The island of is located in the eastern mediterranean equidistant from the mainlands of Greece, egypt, asia minor and wasa flourishing power from 25---1500 be
crete, sea
Often called , after the legandary monarch minos, this cretan empire was centered in the palace at knossus
Minoan
What did the excavations at knossus in the 1890s and 1900s reveal?
a modern plumbing system
What did the minoan age end abruptly with?
volcanic explosian, earthquake or foreign invasion
What were bronze age greeks known as? Why (what did they do)?
they were known as mycenaeans because they were to dominate greek history for the next 700 years
According to the illiad, (homer), a greek army of and besieged and then destroyed troy about because a trojan youth named had kidnapped the beautiful wife of the greek king .
myceneans, achaeans, 1290 bc, paris, helen, menelaus
in 750 bc a new era began with city states or?
polis
How many years did the trojan war last?
10 years
could take part and have an important say in issues involving their community because of their small settlemant
indivitual citizens
who made all sorts of decisions affecting their polis, usually voting after open debate in the assembly?
free males
Which institutions arose after 750 bc?
democratic
as a citizens role in defending the government grew, so did his demand for a voice in
government
what were soldier citizens usually led by ambitious aristocrats called?
tyrants
leading cit states:
athens and sparta
Solon:
a poet- philosipher- merchant who aristocrats supported to lead the government to prevent civil war
Pisistratus
the progressive leader after solon who redisributed land and reduced the privlages of the nobility
Ekklesia
athenean assembly
cleisthenes
made the ekklesia the lawmaking body, created the council of five hundred to propose laws and advise the assembly and sought to extend the power of the citizens by introducing ostracism
Members of the council were chosen by:
lot
Who ruled the most dazzling era of greek history?
pericles
Unlike athens, sparta moves away from democracy for 2 reasons:
1. settled by more warlike inhabitants2. need to enslave the local population of helos who outnumbered the spartans
spartan life essentially became a military where the primary goal was to train boys, from age 7-21 to be greece's great warriors
boot camp
at which battle were the persians repulsed in an effort which was no doubt the finest in greek history?
Marathon, hour
A runner was sent to athens miles away to announce the greek victory
26
Ten years after the victory, the persians invaided again at the battle of and the unprepared greeks sent brave spartans under to stall the horde at .
Salamis, 300, leonardis, thermopylae
With the persian threat over, the citizens of athens were now able to focus on a civilization worthy of men
free
Buisnesses grew and brought in huge profits : a dynasty had begun
commercial
What war were the building burnt down rebuilt?
Persian
What were two huge, glorious builting?
Parthenon and the Acropolis
Greek art and sculptue glorified the human figure as it captured the esscence of these 4 greek virtues:
symmetry, order, balance, elegeance
What did athens production of dramatic plays express to the greek gods or goddesses?
a civic pride and tribute
Athens of the fifth century nearly perfected drama posig profound questions universsak human in both tragidies and comides.
behaveior
In philosiphy, because curiosity seemed ingrained in the greek character they constantly did what?
questioned and sought to understand truth
A savage vs. conflict exploded in 431 bc between and .
Greek vs. Greek and Athens vs Sparta
Which war was all of hellas enraged in and how long did it last?
peloponesian war and 27 years
Two macedonian warrior kings and his son , staged a takeover and unification of greece around 335 bc
Phillip and his son Alexander
After alexander died, the helenistic era developed. This was a mixture of:
Persian, Egyptian, indian, Greek
what became mixed? what was encouraged?
customs, dress and religions. marriges between nations and cultures was encouraged.