Ch 4

French and Indian War

Was a war fought by French and English on American soil over control of the Ohio River Valley-- English defeated French in1763. Historical Significance: established England as number one world power and began to gradually change attitudes of the colonists toward England for the worse. aka seven years war

George Washington

He had led troops (rather unsuccessfully) during the French and Indian War, and had surrendered Fort Necessity to the French. His miny battle/invasion at Fort Duquesne initiated the French and Indian War

Edward Braddock

a British commander during the French and Indian War. He attempted to capture Fort Duquesne in 1755. He was defeated by the French and the Indians. At this battle, Braddock was mortally wounded.

Albany Plan of Union

plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 that aimed to unite the 13 colonies for trade, military, and other purposes; the plan was turned down by the colonies and the Crown since it proposed some control over taxation

Peace of Paris

This ended the Seven Years War/French and Indian war between Britain and her allies and France and her allies. The result was the acquisition of all land east of the Mississippi plus Canada for Britain, and the removal of the French from mainland North America.

salutary neglect

idea that the colonies benefited by being left alone, without too much British interference, not followed after the French and Indian war

George III

King of England during the American Revolution and French and Indian War

Whigs

Backed the policies of Glorious Revolution, Urban business interests, want religious tolerance, favor parliament over the crown. Thus they favored American freedom from Britain

Parliment

the lawmaking branch of the British government

Pontiac's Rebellion

1763 Conflict between the Native Americans and the British over settlement of Indian lands in the Great lakes area (after French and Indian...thus it led to the Proclamation of 1763)

Proclamation of 1763

Prohibited settlement in the area beyond the Appalachian Mountains, ostensibly to solve the Indian problems (due to Pontiac Rebellion)

Sugar Act

(1764) British deeply in debt partl to French & Indian War. English Parliament placed a tariff on sugar, coffee, wines, and molasses. colonists avoided the tax by smuggling and by bribing tax collectors.

Quartering Act

March 24, 1765 - Required the colonials to provide food, lodging, and supplies for the British troops in the colonies.

Stamp Act

an act passed by the British parliament in 1756 that raised revenue from the American colonies by a duty in the form of a stamp required on all newspapers and legal or commercial documents

Patrick Henry

gave speeches against British government and policies; urged for independence; pushed Bill of Rights.Virginia's Governor. "Give me liberty, or give me death." was a lawyer

Stamp Act Congress

meeting of representatives from different colonies to discuss stamp act. Sent a petition to Parliment to repeal act. (9 to be exact)

Declaratory Act

Act passed in 1766 just after the repeal of the Stamp Act. Stated that Parliament could legislate for the colonies in all cases.

Townshend Acts

A tax that the British Parliament placed on leads, glass, paint and tea

writs of assistance

legal document that enabled officers to search homes and warehouses for goods that might be smuggled (part of Townshend Acts

Charles Townshend

PM after Greenville. He imposed the Townshend Acts

John Dickinson

Wrote Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania in 1767 in response to the Revenue Act prior to the American Revolution.

Samuel Adams

Leader of the Sons of Liberty, and led the Boston Tea Party. was radical

James Otis

First colonist to raise the issue of taxation without representation

Massachusetts Circular Letter

urged colonies to resist Townshend Act

Lord Frederick North

New Prime minister. He repeals the Townshend Act except for the tea.

Boston Massacre

British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists who were teasing and taunting them. Five colonists were killed. The colonists blamed the British and the Sons of Liberty and used this incident as an excuse to promote the Revolution. 1770)

Crispus Attucks

Killed in Boston Massacre, black laborer, only African-American person killed in Boston Massacre..Though he did initiate the quarrel

Commitees of Correspondence

Commitees created by the Massachussets House of Representatives in the 1760s to help towns and colonies share information about resisting British laws.

Gaspee Incident

A schooner was beached in Providence, RI, This upset Americans because it was one of the last of the customs racketeering ships. It was burned down by local inhabitants. It greatly angered the British and showed how militant the colonials were becoming.

Tea Act

Tax on tea. though it made the British East India Company's tea with tax cheaper than the one smuggled, it still had tax, which led to the Boston Tea Party

Boston Tea Party

demonstration (1773) by citizens of Boston who (disguised as Indians) raided three British ships in Boston harbor and dumped hundreds of chests of tea into the harbor...led by Samuel Adams

Intolerable acts

coercive acts (1774)

coercive acts

to punish mass. for Boston tea party 1)Port Act- close port of Boston 2)Massachusetts Government Act reduced power of Mass. Gov. and increase royal governor's 3)Administration of Justice Act- allowed royal officials accused of crimes in america to be tried in Britain 4)Quartering Act-enable British troops to be quartered in private homes.

Quebec Act

Extended boundaries of Quebec and granted equal rights to Catholics and recognized legality Catholic Church in the territory; colonists feared this meant that a pope would soon oversee the colonies. (passed around the same time as coercive acts

Enlightment

movement that began in Europe in the late 1600s as people began examining the natural world, society, and government; also called the age of reason

Deism

The religion of the Enlightenment (1700s). Followers believed that God existed and had created the world, but that afterwards He left it to run by its own natural laws. Denied that God communicated to man or in any way influenced his life.

rationalism

(philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge is acquired by reason without resort to experience

John Locke

Wrote Two Treatises on Government as justification of Glorious Revolution and end of absolutism in England. He argued that man is born good and has rights to life, liberty, and property. To protect these rights, people enter social contract to create government with limited powers. If a government did not protect these rights or exceeded its authority, Locke believed the people have the right to revolt. The ideas of consent of the governed, social contract, and right of revolution influenced the United States Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution. He also laid the foundations for criticism of absolute monarchy in France.

Rousseau

A swiss philosopher who held that the person is good but is usually corrupt by society...wrote the Social Contract