French and Indian War
Was a war fought by French and English on American soil over control of the Ohio River Valley-- English defeated French in1763. Historical Significance: established England as number one world power and began to gradually change attitudes of the colonists toward England for the worse. aka seven years war
George Washington
He had led troops (rather unsuccessfully) during the French and Indian War, and had surrendered Fort Necessity to the French. His miny battle/invasion at Fort Duquesne initiated the French and Indian War
Edward Braddock
a British commander during the French and Indian War. He attempted to capture Fort Duquesne in 1755. He was defeated by the French and the Indians. At this battle, Braddock was mortally wounded.
Albany Plan of Union
plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 that aimed to unite the 13 colonies for trade, military, and other purposes; the plan was turned down by the colonies and the Crown since it proposed some control over taxation
Peace of Paris
This ended the Seven Years War/French and Indian war between Britain and her allies and France and her allies. The result was the acquisition of all land east of the Mississippi plus Canada for Britain, and the removal of the French from mainland North America.
salutary neglect
idea that the colonies benefited by being left alone, without too much British interference, not followed after the French and Indian war
George III
King of England during the American Revolution and French and Indian War
Whigs
Backed the policies of Glorious Revolution, Urban business interests, want religious tolerance, favor parliament over the crown. Thus they favored American freedom from Britain
Parliment
the lawmaking branch of the British government
Pontiac's Rebellion
1763 Conflict between the Native Americans and the British over settlement of Indian lands in the Great lakes area (after French and Indian...thus it led to the Proclamation of 1763)
Proclamation of 1763
Prohibited settlement in the area beyond the Appalachian Mountains, ostensibly to solve the Indian problems (due to Pontiac Rebellion)
Sugar Act
(1764) British deeply in debt partl to French & Indian War. English Parliament placed a tariff on sugar, coffee, wines, and molasses. colonists avoided the tax by smuggling and by bribing tax collectors.
Quartering Act
March 24, 1765 - Required the colonials to provide food, lodging, and supplies for the British troops in the colonies.
Stamp Act
an act passed by the British parliament in 1756 that raised revenue from the American colonies by a duty in the form of a stamp required on all newspapers and legal or commercial documents
Patrick Henry
gave speeches against British government and policies; urged for independence; pushed Bill of Rights.Virginia's Governor. "Give me liberty, or give me death." was a lawyer
Stamp Act Congress
meeting of representatives from different colonies to discuss stamp act. Sent a petition to Parliment to repeal act. (9 to be exact)
Declaratory Act
Act passed in 1766 just after the repeal of the Stamp Act. Stated that Parliament could legislate for the colonies in all cases.
Townshend Acts
A tax that the British Parliament placed on leads, glass, paint and tea
writs of assistance
legal document that enabled officers to search homes and warehouses for goods that might be smuggled (part of Townshend Acts
Charles Townshend
PM after Greenville. He imposed the Townshend Acts
John Dickinson
Wrote Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania in 1767 in response to the Revenue Act prior to the American Revolution.
Samuel Adams
Leader of the Sons of Liberty, and led the Boston Tea Party. was radical
James Otis
First colonist to raise the issue of taxation without representation
Massachusetts Circular Letter
urged colonies to resist Townshend Act
Lord Frederick North
New Prime minister. He repeals the Townshend Act except for the tea.
Boston Massacre
British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists who were teasing and taunting them. Five colonists were killed. The colonists blamed the British and the Sons of Liberty and used this incident as an excuse to promote the Revolution. 1770)
Crispus Attucks
Killed in Boston Massacre, black laborer, only African-American person killed in Boston Massacre..Though he did initiate the quarrel
Commitees of Correspondence
Commitees created by the Massachussets House of Representatives in the 1760s to help towns and colonies share information about resisting British laws.
Gaspee Incident
A schooner was beached in Providence, RI, This upset Americans because it was one of the last of the customs racketeering ships. It was burned down by local inhabitants. It greatly angered the British and showed how militant the colonials were becoming.
Tea Act
Tax on tea. though it made the British East India Company's tea with tax cheaper than the one smuggled, it still had tax, which led to the Boston Tea Party
Boston Tea Party
demonstration (1773) by citizens of Boston who (disguised as Indians) raided three British ships in Boston harbor and dumped hundreds of chests of tea into the harbor...led by Samuel Adams
Intolerable acts
coercive acts (1774)
coercive acts
to punish mass. for Boston tea party 1)Port Act- close port of Boston 2)Massachusetts Government Act reduced power of Mass. Gov. and increase royal governor's 3)Administration of Justice Act- allowed royal officials accused of crimes in america to be tried in Britain 4)Quartering Act-enable British troops to be quartered in private homes.
Quebec Act
Extended boundaries of Quebec and granted equal rights to Catholics and recognized legality Catholic Church in the territory; colonists feared this meant that a pope would soon oversee the colonies. (passed around the same time as coercive acts
Enlightment
movement that began in Europe in the late 1600s as people began examining the natural world, society, and government; also called the age of reason
Deism
The religion of the Enlightenment (1700s). Followers believed that God existed and had created the world, but that afterwards He left it to run by its own natural laws. Denied that God communicated to man or in any way influenced his life.
rationalism
(philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge is acquired by reason without resort to experience
John Locke
Wrote Two Treatises on Government as justification of Glorious Revolution and end of absolutism in England. He argued that man is born good and has rights to life, liberty, and property. To protect these rights, people enter social contract to create government with limited powers. If a government did not protect these rights or exceeded its authority, Locke believed the people have the right to revolt. The ideas of consent of the governed, social contract, and right of revolution influenced the United States Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution. He also laid the foundations for criticism of absolute monarchy in France.
Rousseau
A swiss philosopher who held that the person is good but is usually corrupt by society...wrote the Social Contract