Bookmark
a browser feature that allows a user to save a URL for future reference
Directory
A site that works by offering the user ever-more-specific categories of information from which to select
Search Engine
A web site that works much like a traditional card catalog or index, allowing access to the World Wide Web through a subject or key word search
hit
An item in a list generated as a result of a search of the Internet
Boolean Search
An advanced Web-searching technique that allows a user to narrow a subject or key word search by adding various requirements
Stacks
the collection of books in a library
card catalog
a file of information about the books in a library; may be an index-card filing system or a computerized system
periodical index
a listing of bibliographical data for articles published in a group of magazines and /or journals during a given time period
full-text database
an indexing system, available on the World Wide Web or on CD-ROM, that provides not only bibliographic data but also full texts of entries
newspaper index
A listing of bibliographical data for articles published in a newspaper (or group of newspapers) during a given period
Preliminary bibliography
a list of potential resources to be used in the preparation of a speech
illustration
a story or anecdote that provides an example of an idea, issue, or problem a speaker is discussing
brief illustration
an unelaborated example, often only a sentence or two long
extended illustration
a detailed example
hypothetical illustration
an example that might happen but that has not actually occurred
description
a word picture of something
explanation
a statement that makes clear how something is done or why it exists in its present form or existed in its past form
definition
a statement about what a term means or how it is applied in a specific instance
definition by classification
a "dictionary definition," constructed by first placing a term in the general class to which it belongs and then differentiating it from all other members of that class
operational definition
a statement that shows how something works or what it does
analogy
a comparison between two things
literal analogy
a comparison between two similar things
figurative analogy
a comparison between two essentially dissimilar things that share some common feature one which the comparison depends
statistics
numerical data that summarize facts or samples
primary source
the original collector and interpreter of information or data
secondary source
an individual, organization, or publication that reports information or data gathered by another entity
opinion
a statement expressing an individual's attitudes, beliefs, or values
expert testimony
an opinion offered by someone who is an authority on a subject
lay testimony
an opinion or description offered by a nonexpert who has firsthand experiece
literary quotation
an opinion or description by a writer who speaks in a memorable and often poetic way
chronological organization
organization by time or sequence
recency
arrangement of ideas from least to most important
topical orginization
organization of the natural divisions in a central idea according to recency, primacy, complexity, or the speaker's discretion
primacy
arrangement of ideas from the most to the least important
complexity
arrangement of ideas from the simple to the more complex
spatial organization
organization based on location or position
cause-and-effect organization
organization that focuses on a situation and its causes or a situation and its effects
problem-and-solution organization
organization focused on a problem and then various solutions or a solution and the problems it would solve
soft evidence
supporting material based mainly on opinion or inference; includes hypothetical illustrations, descriptions, explanations, definitions, analogies, and opinions
hard evidence
factual examples and statistics
signpost
a verbal or nonverbal signal that a speaker is moving from one idea to the next
internal preview
a statement in the body of a speech that introduces and outlines ideas that will be developed as the speech progresses
internal summary
a restatement in the body of a speech of ideas that have been developed so far
credibility
an audience's perception of a speaker as competent, trustworthy, knowledgeable, and dynamic
anecdote
an illustration or brief story
rhetorical question
a question intended to provoke thought, rather than elicit an answer
closure
the quality of a conclusion that makes a speech "sound finished
preparation outline
a detailed oultine of a speech that includes main ideas, subpoints, and supporting material, and that may also include specific purpose, introduction, blueprint, internal previews and summaries, transitions, and conclusion
mapping
use of geometric shapes to sketch how all the main ideas, subpoints, and supporting material of a speech relate to the central idea and to one another
standard outline form
numbered and lettered headings and subheadings arranged hierarchically to indicate the relationships among parts of a speech
delivery outline
condensed and abbreviated outline from which speaking notes are developed
speech to inform
a speech that teaches others new information, ideas, concepts, principles, or processes in order to enhance their knowledge or understanding about something
pedagogy
the art and science of teaching children
andragogy
the art and science of teaching adults