Nicolaus Copernicus
(1473-1543) Polish clergyman. Sun was the center of the universe; the planets went around it. On the Revolution of Heavenly Spheres. Destroyed Aristotle's view of the universe - heliocentric theory.
On the Revolution of Heavenly Spheres
Nicolaus Copernicus
Tycho Brahe
Danish astronomer who set up obervatory to study heavenly bodies and accumulated much data on planetary movements, also taught many astronomers
Johannes Kepler
German, Assistant to Brahe; used Brahe's data to prove that the earth moved in an elliptical, not circular, orbit; Wrote 3 laws of planetary motion based on mechanical relationships and accurately predicted movements of planets in a sun-centered universe; Demolished old systems of Aristotle and Ptolemy
Three Laws of Planetary Motion
Johannes Kepler
Galileo Galilei
Italian, improved the telescope Established Universal Laws of Physics, Dialogue Concerning Two World Systems, recanted, observations proved Copernician pov
Dialogue Concerning Two World Systems
Galileo Galilei
Universal Laws of Physics
Galileo Galilei
Andreas Vesalius
Flemish, The Structure of the Human Body, founder of modern bioogy
founder of modern biolgoy
Andreas Vesalius
The Structure of the Human Body
Andreas Vesalius
Paracelsus
swiss, Father of Pharmacology, experimented with new drugs, performed operations in front of students
Father of Pharmocology
Paracelsus
William Harvey
english, discovered that the heart works as a pump to circulate the blood, father of modern medicine
father of modern medicine
William Harvery
Francis Bacon
english, Father of the Scientific Revolution, The Inductive method, The Advancement of Learning, Novum Organum
Novum Organum
Francis Bacon
The Advancement of Learning
Francis Bacon
The Inductive Method
Francis Bacon
Rene Descartes
french, significace of doubt, the deductive method, Father of philosophy, "i think, therefore i am", Father of analytical geometry, Discourse on Methods
Father of analytical geometry
Rene Descartes
i think, therefore i am
Rene Descartes
The Deductive Method
Rene Descartes
significance of doubt
Rene Descartes
Father of Philosophy
Rene Descartes
Discourse on Methods
Rene Descartes
Isaac Newton
english, Principia, principle of universal gravitation, made up calculus to prove his theories, skilled in optics and in spectroscopic analysis
Calculus
Isaac Newton
Principia
Isaac Newton
Principle of universal gravitiation
Isaac Newton
Michel de Montaigne
all that is certain is that nothing is certain" called for man to doubt and question
Jean Bodin
writings were the basis to justify absolutism as a form of government
Hugo Grotius
natural laws designed to defend natural rights, Laws of War and Peace, against torture, did not encourage rebellion, international law
Laws of War and Peace
Hugo Grotius
The Six Books of the Republic
Jean Bodin
heliocentrism
sun is the center of the universe, first proposed by Nicolas copernicus
natural magic
close to experimental science, alchemy and astrology
Lope de Vega
spanish playright, wrote over 1500 plays
William Shakespeare
wrote greatest drama of the english speaking language, plays reflected the concerns of the age, wrote great tragedies
Macbeth
William Shakespeare
Hamlet
William Shakespeare
King Lear
William Shakespeare
opera
italian music style that coincides with boroque... grand, written on contract to please a ruler
Monteverdi
first guy to write a part for the Orchestra along with the normal parts
Orfeo
Monteverdi
secularization
the trend toward making religious faith a private domain rather than one directly connected to state power and science; it prompted a search for nonreligious explanations for political authorityand natural phenomena
natural law
scientist an dscholars sought this to explain politics as well as movements in the heavens and on earth