Steps in the theory of constraints analysis include:
- redesign the manufacturing process the facility and fast cycle time
- add capacity to a constraint
Activities that slow a product's total cycle time are called __________
Contraints
A technique that optimizes production flow and short-term product mix is:
Theory of constraints
The target costing steps
1. Determine market price
2. Determine desired profit
3. Calculate the target cost
4. Use value engineering to identify ways to reduce product cost
5. Use kaizen costing and operational control to further reduce costs
Categorize each industry by the type of value engineering approach each is likely to use
Functional analysis: computer software, consumer electronics, and automobiles
Design analysis: construction equipment and medical equipment
Competitive price - desired profit is the _________________ formula
Target costing
Management focus & the sales life cycle phase
Phase 1: introduction - Design, differentiation and marketing
Phase 2: Growth - New product development and pricing
Phase 3: Maturity - Cost control, quality, service
When a company has reached a point when improved product designs are already in place the focus changes to continuous improvement efforts, which is called:
Kaizen
When a firm's pricing is based on meeting specific customer needs, the firm is using:
Value pricing
An effective distribution network and cost control are key to continued survival during the ____________ phase of the sales life cycle
Decline
Sales, product variety and competition increase rapidly during the ________ phase of the sales life cycle
Growth
Little competition and relatively high costs and prices are components of the ______________ phase of the sales life cycle
introduction
Options for managing costs to reach the target level include:
- integrating new manufacturing technology
- seeking higher productivity
- redesigning products and services
Starting with the first step at the top, the four steps in quality function deployment (QFD) in order are:
1. Determine the customers' purchasing criteria and how each is ranked
2. Identity the components of the product and the cost of each component
3. Determine how each component contributes to customer satisfaction
4. Determine the importance index of each
A company collecting the following information regarding customer criteria and ranking:
Reliability - 60 importance
Performance - 85 importance
Cost - 45 importance
The relative importance of Reliability is:
31.6%
60/ (60+85+45)
TRUE or FALSE: Target costing can both save time and increase time that must be spent in an organization
TRUE
Categorize Characteristic in Theory of Constraints (TOC) or Activity-based Costing (ABC)
TOC: explicitly considers capacity, optimizes production flow, and short-term focus
ABC: supports strategic pricing, long-term focus, and develops an understanding of cost drivers
When using target costing, the balancing of costs, features, and quality takes place primarily in the:
Design phase
The period between the receipt of a customer order and the shipment of that order is called manufacturing __________ time
lead
When performing a TOC analysis, product price - all materials cost - ___________________
Throughput margin
Hoffman Company collected the following information regarding to products:
Price: $600 (A) and $1200 (B)
Materials Cost: $300 (A) and $750 (B)
Machine Minutes: 30 (A) and 60 (B)
Assuming the machine minutes is he constraint, what is the throughput margin
$7.50
($1200-750)/60
The methods and techniques that help support the kaizen process include:
- Theory of constraints
- Flexible manufacturing systems
- Total quality management
Which of the follow statements regarding the sales life cycle are true?
- a differentiations strategy is usually followed in the early phases
- firms become price takers rather than price settlers in the latter phases
- prices tend to be high during the growth phase
A method of identifying similarities in the part of products manufactured so the same part can be used in two or more products is ___________________
Group technology
When using target costing, management must balance:
Costs, features, and quality
When a firm lowers prices with a goal of increasing market share, is a following a _______________ strategy
Penetration
The type of value engineering employed in firms with products that have a large number of features is _____________ analysis
Functional
The type of value engineering used for industrial and specialized products is ___________________
design analysis