Cilia
Little hairs on the cell membrane
46
#of chromosomes in the human cell
Active transport
The process that moves substances across or through a membrane and does not require cellular energy
Anatomic position
The standard reference position for the body
Diffusion
The movement of substances from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration
Cytokinesis
Division of the cell at the end of mitosis to form two separate daughter cells
Elastic fibers
Fibers composed of elastin that have a stretching quality
Fibroblast
Connective tissue cell that produces fibers
Histology
The microscopic study of tissues
Homeostasis
A normal stable condition in which the body's internal environment remains the same
Human anatomy
The scientific study of the functions of the human body and its parts
Human physiology
The study of the shape and structure of the human body and the relationship of its parts
Macrophage
A large phagocytic sell that cleans up cellular debris and foreign particles from the tissues
Mast cell
A connective tissue cell that produces heparin and histamine
Meiosis
The type of nuclear division in which the number of chromosomes is reduced to half the number found in the body cells results in the formation of an egg or sperm
Metabolism
The total of all biochemical reactions that take place in the body
Mitosis
The process by which the nucleus of a body cell divides to form two new daughter cells each identical to the parent cells
Negative feedback
A response mechanism of the body in which a stimulus initiates reactions that reduces the stimulus
Neuroglia
Cell located in nervous tissue that provides support for neurons
Neuron
A nerve cell
Osmosis
The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Osteocyte
A mature bone cell
Passive transport
The process that moves substances across or through a membrane and requires cellular energy
Phagocytosis
The end golfing destruction of foreign particles such as bacteria
Pinocytosis
The formation of vesicles to transfer fluid droplets into a cell also called Cell drinking
Tissue
A group of cells with a similar structure that are specialized to form a certain function
Chondrocyte
A cartilage cell
Sex levels of organization of the body
Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, body system, and total organism
Four main types of tissue found in the
Epithelial, connective muscle, and nervous
What makes up an organ
Two or more tissue types that form a more complex structure and work together to form one or more functions
Examples of organs
Skin, heart, ear, stomach, and liver
What makes up a body system
Several organs that work together to accomplish a set of functions
Examples of body systems
Nervous system, digestive system, and respiratory system.
How does the body maintain normal blood pressure using a negative feedback mechanism?
When blood pressure decreases below normal, body sensors detect the deviation, and initiate changes that bring the pressure back within the normal range.
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
The plasma membrane separates the material outside the cell from the material inside the cell
What are organelles
Little organs, small structures in the cytoplasm
What is cytoplasm
A gel-like fluid inside of the cell
What substances are dissolved in the interest cellular fluid of the cytoplasm?
Electrolytes, metabolic waste product, in nutrients such as amino acids and simple sugars
What is the function of the nucleus?
To direct the activities of the cell
Where is the nucleolus located
Within the nucleus
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus
Packages products for secretion and forms lysosomes
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum provides a path to transport materials from one part of the cell to another
What is the function of the mitochondria
They convert energy from nutrients into ATP. Major site of adenosine triphosphate synthesis
What is the function of the nucleolus?
To produce ribonucleic acid and combined it with protein to form ribosomes.
What are the two methods the body uses to reproduce cells?
Mitosis and meiosis
What happens during interphase
Metabolism this is usually the longest period of the cell cycle
What occurs during prophase
The first phase of mitosis
What happens during metaphase
Chromosomes align themselves along the center of the cell
What happens during anaphase
The centromeres separate so that each chromatid now becomes a chromosome
What happens during telophase
After the chromosomes reach the centrioles at the ends of the cell a new nuclear membrane forms around them
What are the five stages of mitosis
Interface, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
What is exocytosis
The process where the secretory products in Cell that are packaged into vesicles by the Golgi apparatus and then are released from the cell
What is a gamete
Cell that give rise to the eggs and sperm
What is a somatic cell
Assault in the body that produces mitosis
What does a tendon do
It connects muscle to bone
A goblet cell or epithelium
Golgi apparatus
What secretes mucus
A goblet cell or epithelium
Which cavity houses the brain
The cranial cavity
What is the Cell Control center
A nucleus
Midsagittal plane
Divides the body into right and left halves
Flagella
Sperm tail
What is known as the cartilage Cell
Chondrocytes
What has the same concentration as RBCs
Isotonic solution
Anterior
Towards the front
Superficial
On or near the surface
Brain, spinal cord, and nerves
The nervous system