what is the normal blood pressure of an adult
120/80
What a lower heart rate mean
More efficient heart function
Better cardiovascular fitness
Beats per minute (bpm)
60 - 100 bpm normal
40 - 60 bpm for a well-trained athlete
Above 100 bpm =
tachycardia
Fast pulse =
infection or dehydration
Emergency situations = determine if heart is still pumping
A pulse that is hard to feel =
common with what type of patients
Indicate blockages in the artery
Common in individuals with diabetes or atherosclerosis
Newborn infants =
100 - 160 bpm
Children (1 - 10 yrs old) =
70 - 120 bpm
Factors influencing heart rate:
Activity level
Fitness level
Air temperature
Body position
Emotions
Body size
Medication use
Age
Listening to your heart
Rate and rhythm
Value functioning
Anatomical defects
auscultation sites
Artery passes close to the skin
Back of the knees
Groin
Neck
Temple
To or inner side of the foot
Wrist
Types of measurement:
Auscultation
Palpations
Electrocardiography (ECG/EKG)
First pulse is counted as 0
Children over 10 yrs old and adults =
60 - 100 bpm
Well-trained athletes =
40 - 60 bpm
Under 60 bpm =
bradycardia
blood pressure is measured in
mm/Hg (millimeters of mercury)
the systolic blood pressure represents the amount of pressure in the arteries when the ventricles'
contracts.
the force of the blood being pushed through the arteries.
the phase in the cardiac cycle in which the heart relaxes
diastolic
what does blood pressure measure
the force of blood against arterial walls during the systolic and diastolic phases of the heartbeat
what artery do we use to measure blood pressure
The brachial artery.
blood pressure norms
Adult: <120/80
Child 3-5: 113-116/67-74
Infant: 106-110/59-63
what are the risk factors for hypertension
age, gender, obesity, excessive alcohol intake, smoking, medications, body positions, emotional state, diurnal variations.
the diaphragm of the stethoscope is most useful for hearing what kind of sound
high pitched sounds, such as lung and bowel sounds
the following will cause the blood pressure to rise
pain, bladder distension, standing and smoking
how is the patients arm placed when taking a blood pressure
well supported and at heart level
what is the medical term for high blood pressure
Hypetension
what is the term for blood pressure falling when standing up to quickly
orthostatic hypotension
explain what to do if you have inflated the cuff to 150 and you hear the karotkoff sounds immediately when deflating
retake the blood pressure and go up to 190 if using the same arm be sure to wait 1-2 minutes before taking
what direction do you turn the valve to close and open it on the pressure bulb
turn clock wise to tighten and counter clockwise to loosen
what does sphygmo mean
(pulse) meter
you begin to inflate the cuff and hear air escaping. what two things could be wrong.
the tubing could have come off or dont have the valve closed.
hemorrhaging how does it affect blood pressure
lowers the bp blood pressure due to loss of blood.
cancer
lowers blood pressure
atherosclerosis
Clogging, narrowing, and hardening of the body's large arteries and medium-sized blood vessels. which would cause a lower reading because lack of pressure
shock
lowers blood pressure
failure to keep arm relaxed
falsely high reading
edemia
falsely low blood pressure reading
failure to pause for a recomened period of time
could cause a inaccurate reading. a falsely high systolic and a falsely low diastolic.
inaccurate level of pressure
a falsely low
cuff is to small
cuff to large
false high
false low
pulse pressure
Difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements (results from the increase in pressure produced by the contraction of the ventricles followed by a sudden fall in pressure produced by ventricular relaxation, 30 - 50 mm Hg is considere
HTN when there is no known cause
Ideopathic
HTN when the patient has D.M, that causes it
secondary hypertension
what happens if you are to far from the manometer
you must be no farther than 3 ft away in order to be able to veiw the manometer in order to obtain accurate reading. to far away could result in an inaccurate reading.
the cuff is to close to the stehoscope
extrenuous sounds could interfere with an accurate reading
the rubber center is not centered over the brachial artery
you would not complete compression of the brachial artery would not be equal pressure.
the patient is fearful and apprehensive
can increase blood pressure reading
what is normal range for pulse ox
95% to 99%
what information does the pulse oximeter provide
the oxygen saturation of the hemoglobin (SpO2)
what is the function of hemoglobin
To transport oxygen to the tissues from the lungs
at what point is a patient cyanotic
a level of 75%
at what point is it life threatning
70%
karotkoff sounds
sounds heard during the taking of BP
#1 - Systolic - first tapping sound
#2 - murmur or swooshing
#3 - Crisp intense tapping
#4 - muffled low pitched soft
#5 - diastolic - sound disappears
hypoxemia
deficient amount of oxygen in the blood
artificial nails and polish
interfere with proper light transmission through the finger
ambieant light
may be picked up by the probe's photodetector
covering hand with a wash cloth, or moving away from the light. or turning light out.
the cuff should be placed
2/3 the distance from the axillia to the antecubitial space. cicumference should encircle 80% of the arm.
How do you replace worn or cracked tubing in the cuff so it won't crack.
placing it in warm water; and then gently push tube on
prehypertension
120-139/80-89
hypertension stage 1
140-159 / 90-99
hypertension stage 2
160 or higher/100 higher
>160/>100
hypotension
90/60 and below
Diabetes or chronic kidney disease:
High blood pressure is defined as 130/80 mmHg
Stethoscope
a medical instrument for listening to the sounds generated inside the body
Sphygmomanometer
An instrument for measuring blood pressure and especially arterial blood pressure.
instructions
Place the cuff with the bottom edge of the cuff 1 inch above the bend of the elbow
Locate large artery on the inside of the elbow (locate the pulse)
Place head of stethoscope over the artery
Close the valve of the rubber inflating bulb
Do NOT close it too
Determine heart rate:
Auscultation (sitting and standing)
Palpation (sitting and standing)
Determine blood pressure:
Traditional/manual method