Pruritic
pertaining to an itching sensation
Nits
the eggs of a louse or other parasitic insect
Protozoa
Single-celled animal
Sanitization
is the process of washing and scrubbing to remove materials such as body tissue, blood, or other contaminants
The interval between exposure to infection and the appearance of the first symptoms is called the _______ period
incubation
Hard capsules known as ____ are formed by certain bacteria that enable them to resist prolonged exposure to heat
spores
Growth requirements for microorganisms include
Oxygen, pH, Temperature, nutrients, water, and a host to inhibit
incubation
pathogen gains entry and replicates
prodromal stage
first onset of symptoms and signs
acute stage
highest point
declining stage
symptoms start to subside
convalescant
symptoms have all but completely vanished and pathogen mostly eliminated
5 steps in the infectious disease process
1. incubation
2. prodromal stage
3. acute stage
4. declining stage
5. convalescant
medical asepsis
is a type of infection control that decreases pathogenic microorganisms and their spread after they leave the body
autoclave exerts
15-30 lbs of steam pressure per square inch
autoclave reaches a temp of
250-270 degrees Fahrenheit
Treatment for conjunctivitis
Antibacterial agents, antibiotics, or corticosteriods, depending on the causative agent
Treatment for impetigo
Cleansing of areas with antimicrobial soap and water and topical and/ or oral antibiotics
Treatment for Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
Topical appication of drying medications and antiboitics for secondary infections
Symptoms of Scabies
intense itching of small raised areas of the skin
Symptoms of Scarlet Fever
Strawberry tongue, rash on the skin and inside of mouth, high fever, nausea, and vomiting
Virulence
a microorganisms power to produce a disease
Metazoa
multi-cellular organisms that cause pinworms, hookworms, and tapeworms
Ectoparasites
multi-cellular parasites
Rickettsiae
known as obligate parisites because they depend completely on their host for survival
asepsis
a state of being free from all pathogenic microorganisms
normal flora
cohabitation of microorganisms (non-pathogenic and pathogenic in balance) that live in or within an organism to provide a natural immunity against certain infections
aerobes
microorganisms that need oxygen to grow
anaerobes
microorganisms that do not need oxygen to grow
bacteria
microorganisms that vary in their morphology. They lack a nucleus and organelles. Reproduce by cell division approximately every 20 minutes.
Viruses
the smallest of the microorganisms. ____ can only reproduce themselves only within a host, by attaching itself to a cell and taking over the cell's nucleus.
Fungi
simple parasitic plants that depend on other life forms for a nutritional source
Mold (multi-celled)
spread and reproduce by spore formation, can survive harsh environmental (such as dry condition that do not support normal mold growth)
Yeast (single-celled)
consist of oval or round cells found in soils and on plant surfaces, in sugary mediums such as flower nectar and fruits, and as mild to dangerous pathogens in humans. The multiplication of ___ cells occurs by a budding process, by the formation of cross w
Yeast infection
Candida albicans
toplasmosis
a lung infection passed on by the droppings of certain birds and bats
reservoir
the place where conditions are ripe for replication.
fomite
an object that may harbor a disease agent, and is also capable of transmitting it
vector
an organism that transmits a pathogen
body secretions
wash pathogens from the body
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
CLIA
Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments
Engineering controls
devices that isolate or remove the blood-borne pathogen hazard from the workplace. They include sharps disposal containers, self-sheathing needles, and safer medical devices
Work practice controls
these are practices that reduce the likelihood of exposure by changing the way a task is performed. They include appropriate procedures for hand washing, sharps disposing, lab specimen packaging, etc.
What is PPE?
Personal Protection Equipment
PPE
Employers must provide PPE such as gloves, gowns, and masks.
Hepatitis B vaccinations
must be available to all employees with occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens within 10 days of employment, with no cost to the employee.
Post- exposure follow-up
employers must provide post-exposure follow-up to any worker who experiences an exposure incident, at no cost to the worker.
Labels and signs to communicate hazards
the standard requires warning labels affixed to containers or regulated waste, refrigerators and freezers, and other containers used to store or transplant blood or other potentially infectious materials.
information and training to employees
employers must ensure that their workers receive regular training that covers the dangers of blood-borne pathogens, preventive practices, and post-exposure procedures
documented employee medical and training records
medical and training records must be maintained for each employee
disinfection
a process by which disease-producing microorganisms, or pathogens are killed (does not always kill spores)
disinfect
pertains to a chemical or physical means of destroying bacteria
household bleach and isopropyl alcohol
used on items that touch only intact skin, such as stethoscopes and exam tables
ethyl or isopropyl alcohol
used on items that touch non-intact skin and mucous membranes, such as thermometers and ear speculas
glutaraldehyde- based formulas
used on enodscopes and laryngoscopes
sterilization
the process that destroys all forms of living organisms