Anastomosis
The surgical joining together of two normally distinct organs
Fecalith
A hard, impacted mass of feces in the colon
fissures
Narrow slits of clefts in the abdominal wall
Flatus
Gas expelled through the anus
Hepatomegaly
Abnormal enlargement of the liver
Ileocecal
The valve guarding the opening of the ileum and cecum
Ileostomy
The surgical formation of an opening of the ileum on the surface of the abdomen through which fecal material is emptied
Melena
Black, tarry stool containing digested blood; usually caused by bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract
Polyps
Tumors on stem frequently found in the mucosal lining of the colon
Gastroenterologist
Physicians who specialize in diseases and disorders of the stomach, small intestine (colon), and appendix and the accessory organs of the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
Peritoneum
Membrane that lines the abdominal cavity in mammals and covers most of the viscera
Mesentery
A double layer of peritoneum that attaches to the back wall of the abdominal cavity and supports the small intestine
Omentum
A fold of peritoneum supporting the viscera
adhesions
A fibrous band of scar tissue that binds together horally separate anatomical structures
Ascites
Accumulation of serous fluid in peritoneal cavity dropsy of the peritoneum
Carcinogens
Substances that cause cancer
Sclerotherapy
Treatment for esophogeal varices
Endemic disease
A disease that is constantly present to a greater or lesser degree in people living in a particular area
Portal hypertension
Elevated pressure in the portal circulation resulting from obstruction of venous flow into and through liver (cirrhosis of liver)
Lithotrispy
Surgical crushing of a stone
Esophaeal varices
Elarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus
Hematemesis
Vomitting blood
Peristlasis
The process of wave-like muscle contractions of the digestive tract that moves food along
Valsava's maneuver
Glottis is closed and pressure builds up in the thorax. BP decreases and fainting or heart failure occur
Three primary functions of the digestive system
Digestion, absorption, elimination
The gallbladder is located in the ___ quadrant of the abdomen
Right upper
The appendix is located in the ___ quadrant of the abdomen
Right lower
The stomach is located in the ___ quadrant of the abdomen
Left upper
The liver is located in the ___ quadrant of the abdomen
Right upper
The pancreas is located in the ___ quadrant of the abdomen
Left upper
The seven parts of the large intestine, in order.
Ascending, Right colic flexure, Transverse, Transverse mosocolon, Left colic flexure, descending, Sigmoid
The ___ delivers bile from the liver to the duodenum where the digestion is completed
Bile duct
The small intestine intestine is made up of?
The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
The small intestine is lined with transverse folds of tissue called ___
Villi
Hiatal hernia
Hernia resulting from the protrusion of part of the stomach through the diaphragm
GERD
Backflow of the contents of the stomach into the esophagus
Gastric duodenum ulcers
Gastric ulcer formation involves widespread gastritis, inflammation of the oxyntic cells and atrophy of acid and pepsin-priducing cells. Duodenum ulcers are associated with high acid and low bicarbonate secretion
Food poisoning
Illness caused caused by poisonous or contaminated food
Dumping syndrome
rapid emptying of chyme from surgically created residual stomach into small intestine
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Altered bowel pattern and abdominal pain with bloating
Acute appendicitis
Acute inflammation caused by a hardened piece of feces, a worm, or enlarged lymph node
Crohn's disease
Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract
Ulcerative colitis
Inflammation of the colon with the formation of ulcers
Celiac disease
Autoimmune disease; antibodies against gliadin in gluten; flat villi cannot digest gluten
Diverticular disease
Herniations of the lining of the colon
Hemorrhoids
Swollen, painful rectal veins; often a result of constipation, swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region
Cirrhosis
A chronic disease interfering with the normal functioning of the liver
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus or a toxin
Oral tumors
Cancer of the lip, cancer of the tongue or gums
Esophageal cancer
Associated with chronic irritation resulting from chronic esophagitis
Gastric cancer
Food preservatives , long term use of nitrates; smoked foods
Liver cancer
Primary tumor caused by cirrhosis from hepatitis/ chemical exposure
Pancreatic cancer
cigarette smoking
Colorectal cancer
Genetic or familial link;p diet high in fat, sugar, and red meat