Alopecia
Partial or complete lack of hair.
Anaplastic
Relating to an alteration in cells to a more primitive form; a term that describes cancer-producing cells
Bilirubin
An orange pigment in bile; its accumulation leads to jaundice
Cryosurgery
The technique of exposing tissue to extreme cold to produce a well-defined area of cell destruction
Debridement
The removal of foreign material and dead, damaged tissue from a wound
Electrodesiccation
The destruction of cells and tissue by means of short high-frequency electrical sparks
Eschar
Devitalized skin that forms a scab or a dry crust over a burn area
Axacerbation
An increase in the seriousness of a disease, marked by greater intensity of the signs and symptoms
Excoriated
Skin that has been injured by scratching, abraded.
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the glomerulus of the kidney
Hyperlasia
An increase in the number of normal cells
Jaundice
A yellow discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by deposits of bile pigments; these deposits occur because of an excess bilirubin in the blood
Keloid
A raised scar formation caused by overgrowth of collagen at the site of a skin injury
Keratin
A very hard, tough protein found in the hair, nails, and epidermal tissue
Keratinocytes
the skin cells that synthesize keratin
Leukoderma
Lack of skin pigmentation, especially in patches
Opaque
Not translucent or transparent; murky
Petechiae
small, purplish hemorrhagic spots on the skin
Postherpetic neuralgia
Pain that lasts longer than a month after a shingles infection and is caused by damage to the nerve; the pain may last for months or years
Raynaud's phenomenon
Intermittent attacks of ischemia of the extremities, resulting in cyanosis, numbness, tingling, and pain
Teratogen
Any substance that interferes with normal prenatal development, resulting in a developmental abnormality.
Sebaceous glands release ___, an oil substance that lubricates the skin.
Sebum
the epidermis is the thin uppermost layer, and the ___ is the thicker layer beneath
Dermis
A variety of microorganisms, called normal or resident ___, are found on the skin and may increase the risk of integumentary system infections.
Flora
___ is a common, contagious, superficial infection caused by streptococci or staphylococcus aureus
Impetigo
___ is a disorder of the hair follicle and sebaceous gland unit
Acne
___
is characterized by a vesicular, pruritic rash on the face, neck, elbows, and posterior knees, and behind ears
Individuals with ___, an inherited recessive trait, are unable to produce melanin, so they have white hair and skin and lack pigment in the iris.
Albinism
Cancer cells are undifferentiated and ___ in nature
Anaplastic
Jaundice is caused by deposits of ___ in the tissues, which creates an orange discoloration of the skin
Burlirubin
A patient with an extremely pruritic skin rash may scratch so much that the area becomes ___
Excroriated
An ___ is a raised, firm scar caused by overgrowth of collagen at the site of a skin injury
Keloid
A patient who is given an antipruritic cream for an itchy skin lesion is receiving ___ treatment
Palliative
Small purple hemorrhages under the skin that may resemble a rash are called ___
Petechiae
Accutane is an extremely dangerous ___ that is contraindicated in women of childbearing age
Antibiotic
An __ disorder is one that has no known cause
Idiopathic
Ischemia of the extremities that results in cyanosis and pain is called ___
Raynaud's phenomenon
SLE is an ___ disorder that results when the immune system attacks the body's connective tissue
Autoimmune
Macule
Flat area of color change (no elevation or depression) ex: freckles
Papule
Solid elevation, less than 0.5 cm in diameter
ex: allergic eczema
Plaque
Flat elevated surface found on skin or mucous membrane
ex: thrush
Fissure
Cracks in the skin
ex: athlete's foot
Pustule
Vesicle filled with pus
ex: acne
Vesicle
small blister- fluid within or under epidermis
ex: herpesvirus infection
Bulla
Large blister (greater than 0.5 cm)
ex: burn
cyst
A sporelike cell with a resistant, protective wall
Ulcer
area of destruction of entire epidermis
ex: decubitus (pressure sore)
Wheal
Type of plaque, result is transient edema in dermis
ex: intradermal skin test
What are four types of skin disease?
Seborrheic Dermatitis, Contact dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis
Seborrheic dermatitis
Chronic inflammatory condition of the sebaceous glands
Contact dermatitis
Acute inflammatory response to a skin irritant or exposure to a substance that causes allergic reaction
Eczema
an idiopathic inflammatory skin disease, that tends to occur in patients with a history of allergies.
Psoriasis
Chronic skin disease that produces discrete pink or red lesions covered with silvery scales
Systematic lupus erythematosus
Chronic autoimmune disease of the connective tissue
Scleroderma
Caused by overproduction and accumulation of collagen in the body's tissue
Superficial thickness burn (first degree)
Affects only the epidermis, is erythemic, blanches with pressure, and is painful
Partial thickness burns (second degree)
Destroys the entire epidermal layer and varying depths of the dermis
Full thickness burn (third degree)
Destroys all layers of the skin and may involve underlying fat, muscle, nerves, blood supply, and bones
Warning signs of malignant melanoma
Asymmetry, border, color, diameter, and elevation
Three ways to perform allergiy testing
Percutaneous test, patch test, and intradermal (intracutaneous) test
Three procedures for appearance modification
Chemical peel (chemexfoliation), dermabraisian, and laser resurfacing (photothermolysis)