Anemia
a condition marked by a deficiency of RBCs.
Antibody
a specific protein produced by a lymphocytic plasma cell to destroy a specific foreign invader (antigen) in the body.
Antigen
a foreign invader that generates an immune response with the production of antibodies.
Artifacts
structures or features not normally present but visible as a result of an external agent or action
Basophil
white blood cells with granules that stain deep blue and play a part in the inflammatory process.
Buffy coat
The layer of WBCs and platelets found between the plasma and the packed RBCs after whole blood is centrifuged.
Centrifuge
An apparatus consisting essentially of a compartment that spins about a central axis to separate contained materials of different sp. gr. or to separate colloidal particles suspended in a liquid.
Cuvette
a specimen container made of plastic or glass designed to hold samples for laboratory tests using light meter technology (spectrophotometry)
Enzymes
complex proteins produced by cells that act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions.
Eosinophils
WBCs with granules that stain red. Their numbers increase during allergic reactions.
Leukocytosis
an increase in the number of WBCs
Lymphocytes
non-granular small WBC with a dense nucleus. Their numbers increase during a viral infection.
Monocytes
non-granular large WBCs with a large lobular nucleus. Their numbers increase during the recovery phase of tissue damage.
Neutrophils
WBCs with small granules that stain lavender. They are the most common WBC and fight bacteria infections.
Polycythemia vera
a condition marked by an abnormally large number of RBCs in the circulatory system.
Type and cross-match
tests performed to assess the compatibility of blood to be transfused.
Urea
the major nitrogenous end product of protein metabolism and the chief nitrogenous waste product in the urine.
- supply body cells with nutrients and O2
- distributes enzymes, hormones, maintain homeostasis
- maintain body temp and pH levels
List the main functions of the circulating blood:
- hematology
- immunohematology (blood bank)
- chemistry
- immunology (serology)
List the four laboratory departments that test blood specimens:
- account for 65%-80% of the circulating lymphocytes.
- differentiate into the following during an immune response natural killer cells, helper cells, supressor cells, and memory cells.
- differentiate into plasma cells that make antibodies.
T cells:
have a long life span and respond quickly to the presentation of the same antigen at a later date.
Memory T cells
are the most numerous type of T cell; they stimulate the activity of other T cells and help B cells produce their antibodies.
Helper T cells
kill virus-infected cells and tumor cells without previous sensitization.
Killer T cells
inhibit the activity of other T cells after invaders are under control:
suppressor T cells
120
biconcave
The life span of an erythrocyte is about ___ days, and when matured and erythrocytes has a _______ shape.
hemoglobin
the red pigment, _______ , in the RBC carries oxygen throughout the body.
Plasma
Whole blood is composed of formed elements suspended in a clear, yellow liquid portion called _______. It makes up 55% of the blood by volume.
RBC
WBC
Thrombocytes
Plasma makes up 55% of blood volume, what makes up the rest 45%?
neutrophils
phagocytic, engulf and destroy bacteria and viruses.
Eosinophils
associated with allergies.
basophils
play a part in inflammation.
bone marrow
Where are red blood cells formed?
clotting
Thrombocytes are formed elements that assist with __________ in the blood system.
diabetes
When testing blood, the physician orders a hemoglobin A1C test. Which diagnosis is the physician trying to confirm?
42-52%
The normal hematocrit in a male is ___________.
30-40%
The normal hematocrit result in an infant is _____________.
packed cell
When performing a capillary stick on a patient for a hematocrit, after spinning the tube the formed elements are separated. At which area do you read the results on the hematocrit chart?
ESR
When a patient presents with pain, which test is ordered to diagnose inflammation in the body?
12-15 g/dL
Which result is a normal hemoglobin level for a female patient?
light blue
The physician orders an INR (prothrombin test) on a patient. Which colored stopper tube will the MA choose?
O negative
Which blood type is the universal donor?
Antiseptic
Venipuncture site must be cleansed with an ________, such as alcohol and should remain on the skin for 30-60 seconds.
syringe
Used when there is a concern that strong vacuum in a stoppered tube might collapse the vein