Difficult or painful breathing
dyspnea
Exceptionally high fever
hyperpyrexia
Slow heart rate fewer than 60 bpm
bradycardia
Fast heart rate more than 100 bpm
tachycardia
Body temperature within the normal range
afebrile
Crackling sounds indicating fluid in the lungs
rales
Measure of blood pressure when the heart relaxes (lowest number recorded)
diastolic pressure
Measure of blood pressure taken when the left ventricle contracts (high number recorded)
systolic pressure
deep, rapid, or labored breathing
hyperpnea
pulse at the lower left corner of the heart
apical
high blood pressure
hypertension
low blood pressure
hypotension
to make sure an instrument is measuring correctly
calibrate
the bend of the elbow
antecubital space
the lower left corner of the heart, where the strongest heart sounds can be heard
apex
having a body temperature above the normal range
febrile
breathing pattern that includes shallow, deep breaths and apnea
Cheyne-Stokes respirations
device to measure the temperature on the forehead
temporal scanner
measures the temperature in the ear canal
tympanic
BMI calculations are based on
height and weight
a internal factor that affects the blood pressure
blood viscosity
the 5 vital signs
temperature, pulse, respirations, blood pressure, and pain
tachypnea
rapid breathing
normal adult range for temperature
97.8-99.1
normal adult range for pulse
60-100
normal adult rate for respiration
12-18
normal adult rate for blood pressure
less than 120, less than 80
temporal artery pulse point
side of the head
ceratoid artery pulse point
neck
brachial artery pulse point
middle of arm
radial artery pulse point
thigh
popliteal artery pulse point
under the knee
posterior tibial artery pulse point
ankle
dorsalis pedis artery pulse point
foot
parts of the sphygmomanometer
inflatable cuff, pressure bulb, manometer
a blood pressure cuff that is too large will give what kind of reading
low
a blood pressure cuff that is too small will give what kind of reading
high
to assess for orthostatic/postural hypotension how should blood pressure be taken
patient lying down, sitting, and standing
hypertension
high blood pressure
pre-hypertension
slightly above normal, but not high blood pressure
5 locations to take a temperature
oral, tympanic, rectal, axillary, temporal
parts of a stethoscope
ear pieces, binaurals, rubber or plastic tubing, bell, chest piece, diaphragm
0-
no palpable pulse
1+
weak pulse
2+
faint pulse
3+
normal pulse
4+
bounding pulse
what is a pulse oximeter used for
to measure the oxygen level of the blood and pulse and oxygen saturation of the blood
peak inflation
adding 30mm to the number where the radial pulse dissapears
korotkoff sounds
vascular sounds heard during the measurement of blood pressure
respiration should be noted as
rate, rhythm, effort
rate
number of respirations per minute
rhythm
breathing pattern
effort
amount of air being inhaled and exhaled
phase 1 of blood pressure sounds
the first tapping sound you hear represent systolic pressure
phase 2 of blood pressure sounds
strong heartbeat changes to a softer, swishing sound
phase 3 of blood pressure sounds
the resumption of a crisp, tapping sound
phase 4 of blood pressure sounds
sounds become muffled
phase 5 of blood pressure sounds
point at which the sound disappears; represents diastolic pressure
benign hypertension
harmless elevation of blood pressure (poses no risk to other organs)
secondary hypertension
high blood pressure that is caused by another medical condition (obesity, increased sodium intake, family history)
aneroid sphygmomanometers
circular gauge that registers pressure. (what we use in class)
electronic sphygmomanometers
provide a digital readout of blood pressure, do not require use of stethoscope.
blood volume
the amount of blood in the arteries
vessel elasticity
ability of an artery to expand and contract to supply the body with a steady flow of blood
blood viscosity
thickness of the blood
malignant hypertension
high blood pressure with other conditions such as renal or heart failure
primary/essential hypertension
the most common HTN and has no known cause
what is blood pressure
BP is a reflection of the pressure of the blood against the walls of the arteries
rectal temperatures
usually 1 degree higher than oral temperatures and are considered the most accurate measurement of body temperature
rectal temperatures should be placed
1 inch for adults, 1/2 inch for infants and small children
how long should you wait to take a oral temp if the patient has been eating, drinking, smoking
15 minutes
the usual ratio of the pulse rate to the respiration rate
4:1